Male Breast Carcinoma Flashcards
1
Q
What is gynecomastia?
- Describe the features of gynecomastia
A
Breast enlargement
- Unilateral or bilateral
- May present as a subareolar mass
- Periductal hyaline, collagenous tissue
- Epithelial hyperplasia of ducts
- No breast lobules (TDLUs) present
2
Q
What can cause gynecomastia?
A
-
Syndrome
- Klinefelter-XXY
-
Systemic disease
- Cirrhosis
-
Drugs
- Alcohol, marijuana, anabolic steroids
-
Tumors
- Functioning testicular tumor
3
Q
Male Breast Cancer:
- Incidence:
- Risk factors:
- Associated with ….
A
- Rare, lifetime risk of 0.11% (as compared to a lifetime risk of 13% in women)
- 1500 cases and 400 deaths per year
-
Risk factors
- 1stdegree relatives with breast cancer
- Decreased testicular function
- Exposure to exogenous estrogens
- Increasing age, infertility, obesity
- Associated with BRCA2 mutations
4
Q
What is the clinical presentation of male breast cancer?
A
- Palpable subareolar mass
- Nipple discharge is a common symptom
- Axillary lymph node involvement is present in half the cases at presentation
- Distant metastases involve lungs, brain, bone and liver
- Prognosis and treatment are the same as in women