Male Flashcards
Male self exam
Palpation genitalia and surrounding areas, testicles, hernias
What does a DRE evaluate (5)
Sacrococcygeal and perinatal areas Anus Sphincter and anal ring Lateral and posterior rectal walls Anterior rectal wall and prostate
Why should we perform a DRE
Preventative screening
How often should a DRE be preformed
Yearly after being sexually active
1 question to be asked over age of 50
Do you have any changes in urination defication or sexual function
Who can do a DRE
Chiros (in most states) Family/general practitioners Gynecologists Proctologists/urologists Physicians assistants Nurse practitioners
When shouldn’t a DRE be performed
Anal cracks/fissures
Anal fistula
Rectal prolapse
Spastic sphincter
Internal sphincter control
Smooth muscle- involuntary control
Defication controlled by
Striated external sphincter- voluntary
Lower half of anal canal innervation
Somatic sensory nerve
Upper half of anal canal
Insensitive to pain- autonomic control
Prostate info
Surrounds urethra
Chestnut size
Access to posterior side
How many people have bph
70-90% of men over 70
How does prostate feel with bph
Boggy smooth squishy
Enlarged
Nontender
Risk factors for prostate cancer
High animal fat
Age over 50
African American
Family history
How much of skeletal mets come from prostate cancer
60%
Risk factors for prostate cancer
High animal fat
Age over 50
African American
Family history
How much of skeletal mets come from prostate cancer
60%
What is the psa test
Prostate specific antigen
What psa level are normal
Less than 4 ng/ml
What psa level is borderline
4-10ng/ml
What psa level is abnormal
Above 10 ng/ml
Where can prostatitis spread to
Scrotum and epididymis
How many men have prostate cancer
1/6
Hypospadius
Congenital anomalies of urethral meatus on ventral surface
epispadias
Congenital anomalies of urethral meatus on dorsum
Balanitis
Infection of glans
Balanoposthitis
Inflammation of glans and prepuce
Penile ca
Increased risk with uncircumcised males and hpv infection
Prostate ca
Second most common ca in older males
Hydrocele
Fluid filled scrotum
Peyronie
Fibrous band in the corpus cavernosum, deviation of penis
Phimosis
Tight foreskin that will not retract over glans
Common among young children
Priapism
Prolonged painful erection
Testicular torsion
Acute pain
Vomiting nausea
Lack of cremasteric reflex
Babies to teens
Epididymitis
Bacterial infection Gradual onset Fever Discharge Nodular epididymus
Smegma
Sebacious material secreted by glans under the foreskin
Spermatocele
Cystic swelling of epididymus
Varicocele
Dilated torsion of spermatic cord
Bag of worms in scrotum
Three most common stds
Herpes
Hpv
Chlamydia
Less common stds
Syphilis
Gonorrhea
HIV/AIDS
What are the curable stds
Chlamydia, syphilis, gonorrahea
Chlamydia symptom
Crusty in the morning
Gonorrhea symptom
Drippy discharge
Syphilis
Lesion on sole of feet
Incurable stds
Herpes hpv AIDS
What is a normal urethral meatus look like
Pink, glistening, slit like, smooth
Lycopene
Tomatoes
Grapefruit
Watermelon
Leading causes of death in males in the us
Heart disease
Cancer (lung>prostate>colorectal)
Unintentional injuries
Life expectancy of men
75.6
Life expectancy of women
80.6
Health screenings for men 18-39
Bp (2yrs)
Cholesterol (5 years)
Preventative health (2 yrs)
Health screening men 40-64
Bp (2yrs) Cholesterol (5yrs) Preventative (every yr after 50) Colon screening Prostate Osteoporosis
Health screenings men 65+
Bp (1yr) Cholesterol (5yrs) Preventative (1yr) AAA Colon cancer Prostate cancer Osteoporosis
What is a guiac test used for
Fecal occult blood test
Colorectal cancer
Acute prostatitis
Painful Palpation over perenial area Systemic indications (fever, chills)
Andropause
Male menopause
Decline in testosterone
Average age 50
Signs of low testosterone
Decreased cognition, strength, libido, hemoglobin, coronary vasodilation
Increased obesity, leptin, ischemic heart disease
Screening test for low testosterone
Adam questionare
Created at St. Louis university
80% sensitive
60% specific
Common causes of impetence
Medication side affects
Andropause (low testosterone) and cardio vascular disease
Increases atherosclerosis
Angina
ST depression
