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Reproductive system > Male > Flashcards

Male Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the male reproductive system?

A

To produce, maintain and transport the sperm and the fluid semen.
To discharge sperm from the penis.
To produce and secrete male sex hormones.

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2
Q

Why are the testes outside of the body?

A

Sperm is produced at 3 degrees lower than body temperature

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3
Q

What are the functions of testes?

A

Produce sperm
Produce male sex hormones

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4
Q

Describe the structure of testes

A

They have 250-300 lobules
Inside is a collection of coiled hollow tubes called seminiferous tubules
Sperm is produced in seminiferous tubules
In between are spaces where there are Leydig cells that secrete testosterone

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5
Q

Where is sperm produced?

A

Seminiferous tubulues

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6
Q

What is the scrotum for?

A

Supporting structure
Helps control temperature of testes

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7
Q

What are spermatic cords?

A

They suspend the testes in the scrotum

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8
Q

What is the function of the penis?

A

Excretion of urine
Ejaculation of sperm

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9
Q

What is the tip of the penis called?

A

Glans penis

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10
Q

What are the 3 cylindrical masses of erectile tissue and smooth muscle?

A

2 lateral columns called corpora cavernosa
A column between them which contains the urethra called the corpus spongiosum

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11
Q

What causes an erection?

A

Blood fills the erectile tissue
Arteries vasodilate and veins vasoconstrict increasing blood flow to the penis. The opposite occurs following ejaculation.

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12
Q

What is the epididymis?

A

Sperm is matured and stored

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13
Q

What is the deferent duct?

A

Passes upwards from the testis through the inguinal canal towards the posterior wall of the bladder where it is joined by the duct from the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct.

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14
Q

What are the seminal vesicles?

A

These are two small fibromuscular pouches lying posterior to the bladder.
These contract and expel their stored contents, seminal fluid during ejaculation.

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15
Q

What are ejaculatory ducts?

A

These are two tubes formed by union of the duct from a seminal vesicle and a deferent duct.
They pass through the prostate gland and join the prostatic urethra, carrying seminal fluid and sperm to the urethra.

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16
Q

What are the functions of the prostate gland?

A

Produce a thin, milky fluid making up 30% of semen volume
The muscles ensure the semen is forcefully pressed into the urethra during ejaculation
Contains a clotting enzyme which thickens semen in the vagina

17
Q

What does luteinizing hormone stimulate? (LH)

A

Production of testosterone

18
Q

What does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulate?

A

Spermatogenesis

19
Q

What is the function of testosterone?

A

Controls the growth, development and maintenance of sex hormones
Stimulates bone growth
Stimulates protein anabolism
Stimulates sperm maturation
Stimulates the development of secondary sex characteristics

20
Q

What is the function of inhibin?

A

Inhibin is produced by Sertoli cells which leads to an inhibition of FSH.
This helps to regulate the rate of spermatogenesis.

21
Q

Describe the process of sperm leaving the body

A

Sperm production begins at puberty throughout life under the influence of testosterone.
Sperm is produced in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.
Sperm matures as it passes through the epididymis where it is stored.
Sperm is expelling from the epididymis.
It passes through the deferent duct, ejaculatory duct and the urethra.
Semen is propelled by rhythmical contraction of the muscle walls in the deferent duct.
The muscle in the walls of the seminal vesicles and prostate gland also contracts and adds 60% seminal fluid and 30% prostatic fluid.

22
Q

What does a sperm cell consist of?

A

Head, body and flagellum

23
Q

What is in the head of a sperm?

A

Nucleus filled with DNA

24
Q

What else does a sperm contain?

A

Enzymes required to penetract the outer layer of the ova
Mitochrondia to fuel the sperm along

25
Q

What is the final stage of sperm production called?

A

Spermiogenesis

Reproductive system (2 decks)

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