Malaria in Ethiopia Flashcards
how many episodes of malaria are there a year in Ethiopia
2.9 million
how many Malaria deaths per year in Ethiopia
almost 5,000
what is the annual cost of Malaria treatment in Ethiopia and how does this relate to the country’s total health expenditure
$200 million annually, 10% of Ethiopia’s total health expenditure
how is malaria impacting the spatial distribution of Ethiopia’s population
highlands, where mosquitos are much less prevalent, are becoming over populated as mass migration to cities such as Addis Ababa occurs
what is Ethiopia’s population
115 million
what is Ethiopia’s gdp
approx us$108 billion
what is Ethiopia’s gdp
approx us$108 billion
which countries border Ethiopia
Somalia, Sudan
what is the average temperature and humidity in Ethiopia
25 degrees and 79%
when is the peak malarial transmission period in Ethiopia and why
September to December, following the June- September rainy period
how many people in Ethiopia do not have clean water
60 million
what percentage of households have no toilet facility in Ethiopia
38%
how has urbanisation impacted malaria transmission
urbanisation has lead to waste dumps and stagnant water pools that act as breeding grounds for Mosquitos
how much does agriculture contribute to Ethiopia’s total gdp
contributes to 40% of Ethiopia’s total gdp
what is the no of doctors per 1000 people in Ethiopia
0.07
what is the literacy rate in Ethiopia
51.7
what is the birth rate per 1000 in Ethiopia
32
what is ethiopia’s human development index score
0.485
which region is most affected by malaria and name three provinces that are highly impacted
Western Ethiopia- Gambela, Benishangul-Gumuz (BG), Tigray
how is drug resistance impacting Malaria in Ethiopia
Malarial parasites are becoming increasingly drug resitant
give a statistic that demonstrates how Malaria is declining in Ethiopia
despite the population at risk increasing from 59 million to 69 million in between 2010 and 2016, the number of cases declined by 60%
how much of Ethiopia’s territory is considered endemic for Malaria
Three quarters of Ethiopia’s territory is considered endemic for malaria
give a statistic that demonstrates how mortality from Malaria is decreasing in Ethiopia
the number of deaths due to malaria declined by 54% from the 2000s record of approx 10,500 deaths
what is the difference between direct and indirect strategies to mitigate against malaria
direct= measures to eradicate mosquitos indirect= measures to minimise the risks of malaria
what is an example of an international government strategy to mitigate against malaria and when was this launched
President’s Malaria Initiative (PMI), a US government scheme that launched in 2005
what was the goal of PMI
to reduce malaria-related mortality by 50% across 15 high-burden countries in sub-Saharan Africa
what are four proven highly effective Malaria prevention and treatment strategies
- insecticide-treated mosquito nets
- Indoor residual spraying
- Accurate diagnosis and prompt treatment with ACTs
- Intermittent preventive treatment of pregnant women
what are three of the PMI’s targets over the next 12-18 months
- to have 100% of vulnerable households to be equipped with at least one insecticide-treated bed net
- 100% of vulnerable households to have indoor residual spraying
- to provide support to 400 hospitals and health centres, mentoring drug and pharmacy store staff
give three achievements of the PMI in the past 12-18 months
- Indoor residual spraying targeted 44 high-burden regions, such as Gambela
- 2,600 people were trained to deliver Indoor Residual Spraying
- 10.4 million insecticide-treated nets provided
give an example of an agency that provided worked locally to mitigate against malaria- what region did they work in and what is something they did, and give a statistic that demonstrates the effectiveness of this
Carter Centre, worked in the Amhara region and distributed nearly 6 million Insecticide treated nets, reduced cases from 4.6% to 0.8%
give an example of an NGO working to mitigate against malaria in ethiopia
Malaria Consortium
give a statistic that proves that insecticide treated nets are not always effective
ITNs last two years- 72% experienced wear and tear
give a statistic that shows how misdiagnosis has been reduced
misdiagnosis has been reduced from 8% to 0%
give two factors reducing the effectiveness of malaria mitigation that prove the importance of educating vulnerable popualtaions
- misconceptions about the cause of malaria are rife, such as the belief that it comes from witchcraft/ devil attacks or cold weather
- knowledge on symptoms is low- only 35% of people in Ethiopia are aware of three or more more symptoms
Give two statistics that demonstrate the ways in which mitigation strategies in Ethiopia have been partly ineffective for children
- in Amhara, SNNPR and Tigray Insecticide-treated nets usage by children under 5 was only 60%
- treatment sought for children with a fever was only 38%
