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YR3: Infectious disease > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

1
Q

What is Malaria?

A

Infection with protozoan Plasmodium

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2
Q

Describe the aetiology of malaria

A

Transmitted by female Anopheles mosquito bite

Protozoa grow in RBCs

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3
Q

Describe the epidemiology of malaria

A

Endemic in the tropics
250 million people worldwide
Common in young children, pregnant women, travellers + immunodeficient

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4
Q

List 3 symptoms of malaria

A

Flu-like symptoms
Severe sweating
Shivering cold/ rigors

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5
Q

List 4 signs of malaria

A

Pyrexia
Anaemia (haemolytic)
Jaundice
Hepatosplenomegaly

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6
Q

What are the 5 types of plasmodium?

A 
Mosquitos Know Our Vital Fear 
Plasmodium malariae
Plasmodium knowlesi
Plasmodium ovale. 
Plasmodium vivax
Plasmodium falciparum
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7
Q

Describe the nature of symptoms of malaria

A

CYCLICAL

Interval between cycles of symptoms are slightly different in different types of malaria

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8
Q

What is significant about malaria diagnosis?

A

Its a Notifiable disease

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9
Q

List 3 high risk areas for malaria

A

Africa
Asia
S+C America

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10
Q

Which 4 populations have immunity to malaria?

A

Sickle cell trait
G6PD deficiency
Pyruvate kinase deficiency
Thalassemia

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11
Q

Describe the life cycle of malaria

A

Injection of sporozoites into blood by mosquito
Invasion + replication in hepatocytes to form merozoites
Released into blood + enter RBCs
Replicate within RBCs + develop ring forms + trophozoites
RBCs rupture + release merozoites, which reinfect other RBCs
Trophozoites form merozoites + gametocytes. Gametocytes are taken up when another mosquito feeds, + develop into sporozoites in the gut of the mosquito
They move to salivary gland of mosquito to be transmitted with the next bite

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12
Q

List 3 symptoms of cerebral malaria

A

Headache
Disorientation
Coma

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13
Q

What blood films should be performed for malaria?

A

Thick/Thin Blood Films: on 3 consecutive days
Thick for quantifying
Thin for identifying type of malaria

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14
Q

What special investigation may be used for malaria?

A

Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs): detect presence of malaria antigen/ enzyme (but poor detection of species other than P. falciparum)

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15
Q

What bedside investigations should be performed for suspected malaria?

A 
FBC: thrombocytopenia, anaemia
U+Es: normal/ mildy impaired  
LFTs: High BR or aminotransferases  
Glucose: hypo or hyper
ABG: metabolic/ lactic acidosis
Urinalysis: blood or protein
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16
Q

What is the drug of choice for treating malaria falciparum?

A

Artesunate

17
Q

What is the drug of choice for treating the benign (chronic) forms of malaria?

A

Primaquine

Prevent relapse

18
Q

Why is no drug necessary to prevent relapse for malaria falciparum?

A

“Kill or cure”

Does not relapse

YR3: Infectious disease (12 decks)

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