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Parasitology Malaria > Malaria > Flashcards

Malaria Flashcards

0
Q

Mortality and morbidity

30-35%

A

Plasmodium vivas

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1
Q

Mortality

67-70%

A

Plasmodium falciparum

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2
Q

Benign

0.01-1%

A

Plasmodium malariae

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3
Q

Common in african countries

A

Plasmodium ovale

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4
Q

Palawan and mindanao

A

Plasmodium knowlesi

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5
Q

Population at risk for malaria

A

11,337,000

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6
Q

Incidence per 1000

A

0.48

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7
Q

Number of malaria deaths

A

536

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8
Q

Number of patient tested for malaria

A

444,668

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9
Q

Mother to fetus

A

Vertical transmission

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10
Q

Sexual contact

A

Horizontal transmission

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11
Q

Gold standard for diagnosis

A

Thick and thin smear

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12
Q

Not to be used in light infection

A

Thin smear

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13
Q

If degree of parasitemia is too low

A

Thick smear

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14
Q

Red staining substance

A

Chromatin dots

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15
Q

Bluish substance adjacent to red substance

A

Cytoplasm

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16
Q

Brown substance

A

Hemozoin

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17
Q

Stain used to identify malarian parasite.

Routine procedure

A

Wright and giemsa stain

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18
Q

Stain used to identify malarian parasite.

Mass staining

A

Field’s stain

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19
Q

Transfer stage

A

Infective stage

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20
Q

Produce tissue alteration, signs and symptoms

A

Pathogenic stage

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21
Q

Any stage seen by naked eye. Basis for diagnosis

A

Diagnostic stage

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22
Q

All stages seen in peripheral smear

A

Plasmodium vivaxl

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23
Q

Plasmodium vivax

Only strain that causes

A

Enlarged RBC

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24
Q

Plasmodium vivax

Ring form, no enlargement, 1chromatin dot

A

Young trophozoite

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25
Q

Plasmodium vivax

1/3 occupied by blue cytoplasm, irregular in shape
1 chromatin dot
There is RBC enlargement

A

Growing trophozoite

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26
Q

Plasmodium vivax

2/3 bluish cytoplasm occupied
1 chromatin dot

A

Mature trophozoite

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27
Q

Plasmodium vivax

2 chromatin dots

A

Young schizont

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28
Q

Plasmodium vivax

2-12 chromatin dots

A

Growing schizont

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29
Q

Plasmodium vivax

12-24 chromatin dots in cluster
Rupture in vivo
Release merozoites invading other RBC

A

Mature schizont

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30
Q

Plasmodium vivax

Being developed after several weeks
Infective stage

A

Gametocytes

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31
Q

Plasmodium vivax

In gametocytes, chromatin dots are now called

A

Chromatin granules

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32
Q

Female
Chromatin granules on periphery
Compacted edge

A

Macrogametocyte

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33
Q

Male
Chromatin granules at the center
Loose arrangement

A

Microgametocytes

34
Q

Plasmodium vivax

The mosquito has to have both

A

Macro and micro gametocyte

35
Q

All stages are also seen in peripheral smear

A

Plasmodium malariae

36
Q

Plasmodium malariae

Size of RBC

A

Normal size

37
Q

Plasmodium malariae

2-6 chromatin dots

A

Growing schizont

38
Q

Plasmodium malariae

6-12 chromatin dots
Rosette arrangement/ daisy pattern
With brown substance

A

Mature schizont

39
Q

Plasmodium malariae

Chromatin dots

A

Young schizont

40
Q

Plasmodium malariae

Presence of band form

A

Growing trophozoite stage

Seen in 15 percent of parasite in growing trophozoite

41
Q

Only ring form and gametocyte seen in peripheral smear

A

Plasmodium palcifarum

42
Q

Plasmodium palcifarum

Size of RBC

A

Normal size

43
Q

Plasmodium palcifarum
Ring form

How many parasite in a single indected RBC

A

More than 1 parasite

44
Q

How many chromatin dots in ring form of Plasmodium palciparum

A

2 chromatin dots

45
Q

Plasmodium palcifarum
Ring form

Asume any configuartion “ exclamation point” “ comma”

A

Pleomorphic

46
Q

Plasmodium palcifarum

Mature schizont not usually seen in peripheral smear. If mature schizont seen leads to serious complication

A

Gametocyte

47
Q

Plasmodium palcifarum

Presence of chromatin granules

A

Banana-shaped

Crescent shaped

48
Q

How many chromatin dots in gametocyte?

49
Q

Plasmodium palcifarum

More than 1 strain of parasite

A

Mixed infection

50
Q

Plasmodium palcifarum

Period of height from 1 fever to next height of fever

A

Period of schizogony

51
Q

Plasmodium palcifarum

Pathogenic stage of all plasmodium
After height of fever

52
Q

Cytoplasmic destruction in RBC

A

Stipplings

53
Q

Stippling found in P. Ovale

54
Q

Has a macerated area, “fimbriated” RBC

55
Q

Caused by p. Falciparum but also with mixed infection

A

Irregular paroxysm

56
Q

Cold stage

A

Intense cold
Vigorous shivering
15-60 minutes

57
Q

Hot stage

A 
Intense heat
Dry burning skin
Throbbing headache
Mid day
2-6 hours
58
Q

Infective stage to man

Intermediate host

A

Sporozoite

59
Q

Indective stage to mosquito

Definitive host

A

Gametocyte

60
Q

Mosquito

A

Sexual
Sporogony
Sporozoite
Definitive host

61
Q

Man

A

Asexual
Schizogony
Schixont
Intermediate host

62
Q

Recrudiscence

A

Falciparum
Malariae
Ni hypnozoite
All schizonts rupture

63
Q

Relapse

A

Ovale

Vivax

64
Q

In relapse, sone of the sporozoites do not immediately undergo asexual reproduction but enter a dormant phase known as

A

Hypnozoite

65
Q

Definitive diagnosis

Use of acridine orange

A

Quantitative buffy coat

66
Q

More sensitive

A

Fluorescent Ab technique

67
Q

Malarial strips
Rapid test but not reliable
Sensitivity only 30-65%

A

Immunochromatography

68
Q

Used to those who already exposed

For centralized screening and antibody screening

69
Q

Best screening for volunteer donor

A

Serlogic: antigen and antibody screening

70
Q

Best time to collect blood

A

Before height of temperature

71
Q

If blood collected after height of fever

A

Ring forms only

72
Q

If blood is collected at the height of fever

A

Rupture of schizont-> merozoites-> mistaken as platelets

73
Q

Persons travelling to an endemic area

A

Non immune

74
Q

Those who came in an endemic area but have been away for more than 5 years

A

Semi immune

75
Q

Living in an endemic area for malaria

1st time pregnancy

A

Primigravid

76
Q

Patients who should be hospitalized

A 
Asexual stage of falciparum
Life threatening malaria
Children in the PBS
Immunocompromised
Pregnant women ( hypoglycemia )
77
Q

Complicated malaria

A

Falciparum + drug resistance (R2 orR3)

78
Q

Significant for Diagnosis of G6PD

A

Peripheral blood smear -> 20% heinz bodies

79
Q

Destroys parasites in the liver, however it also triggers hemolysis in G6PD

A

Primaquine

80
Q

Parasitemia documented within 7 days of life

Manifested observed several weeks after pre patent period

A

Congenital malaria

81
Q

During active labor only

Parasitemia documented after 7 days but not more than 28 days of life

A

Conatal or Neonatal Malaria

82
Q

Malaria in pregnancy

A 
Avoid primaquine
Palpate liver and spleen
Paper white conjunctiva
Yellow sclera
Black urine

Parasitology Malaria (1 decks)

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