Maladaptive Pain Responses Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Pain

A
  • Nociceptive pain
  • neuropathic pain
  • Neuroplastic pain
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2
Q

Nociceptive pain “normal pain”

A

short duration, well localized, easing and aggravating factors, no electric qualities

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3
Q

Neuropathic Pain “ electric/ nerve pain”

A

pain is at one location and travels along a dermatome or peripheral nerve pattern

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4
Q

Neuroplastic Pain “Chronic/ Unexplainable Pain”

A

spread from original areas in non- dermatomal pattern, intensity is out of proportion from original injury

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5
Q

Biomedical Approach - Chronic Treatment

A
  • medical/ pharm treatments
  • anatomic education
  • emphasis on pain, not function
  • facilitating avoidance
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6
Q

Sales Pitch for Better Persistent Pain Treatment

A
  • biopsychosocial approach, emphasis on PNE and developing therapeutic alliance with patients. focus less on diagnosis and more on changing maladaptive responses
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7
Q

Maladaptive Responses

A
  • catastrophizing
  • fear avoidance
  • kinesiophobia
  • deconditioning
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8
Q

Central Sensitization

A

overall description that explains why people develop chronic pain, becoming more efficient at feeling pain

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9
Q

What do Changes of Properties in Neurons Within CNS means?

A
  • pain no longer coupled with duration/ intensity of peripheral stimuli
  • co- opts novel inputs into nociceptive pathways
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10
Q

Effects of Sensitization

A

allodynia, hyperalgesia, secondary hyperalgesia

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11
Q

Allodynia

A

pain evoked by normally benign stimulus such as cold, heat, or light touch

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12
Q

Hyperalgesia

A

increase in perception of pain elicited by noxious stimulus

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13
Q

Secondary hyperalgesia

A

spread of pain beyond initial site of injury. Caused by cortical smudging or synaptic adaptations

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14
Q

Catastrophizing

A

worse case thinking; negative cognitive- affective response to actual or anticipated paintR

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15
Q

Rumination

A

overthinking and worrying about pain

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16
Q

What are the Behavioral Pain-Related Outcomes of Catastrophizing and Rumination

A
  • increased behavioral pain expressions
  • more illness behaviors
  • higher pain severity, activity interferences, disability and depression
  • alterations in social support networks
17
Q

Communal Context of Catastrophizing

A

evidence that catastrophizing is an interpersonal style of coping with pain designed to elicit support from others, affects care givers

18
Q

Fear Avoidance

A

Anticipated threat of pain causes hyper vigilance and monitoring of activities

19
Q

Roles of Stress on Pain

A
  • stressors activate numerous systems ti achieve homeostasis
  • sympathetic and parasympathetic balance
  • prolonged stress = disastrous to body
20
Q

During Times of Stress

A
  • amygdala activates the HPA axis via communication with hypothalamus
  • hypothalamus releases CRH signaling pituitary
  • ACTH acts on adrenals to release cortisol
21
Q

Patients Injured in Stressful Environments

A

7-8xs more likely to develop chronic pain

22
Q

Cortisol

A

helps respond to stress; mobilizes tissue substrates for fuel
- direct effects via redirection of energy and behavior alterations
- indirect effects via release and action of other hormones

23
Q

What Happens with Cortisol During Long Term Stress Effect?

A

Cortisol fails to function and we run out of fuel

24
Q

Lotus Control

A

persons generalized attitude or belief regarding causality between own behavior and consequences
internal : much of what happens stems from own actions
external : events in life are beyond ones control

25
Q

Benefits of Internal Locus of Control

A
  • healthier lifestyle
  • greater perseverance in face of adversity