Making Sense of Statistical Significance Key Terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Alpha (α)

A

Probability of making a Type I error; same as significance level.

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2
Q

Beta (ß)

A

Probability of making a Type II error.

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3
Q

d:

A

Effect size =

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4
Q

Decision Errors

A

Incorrect conclusion in hypothesis testing in relation to the real (but unknown) situation, such as deciding the null hypothesis is false when it is really true.

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5
Q

Effect Size (d)

A

Standardized measure of difference (lack of overlap) between populations. Effect size increases with greater differences between means, it is a measure of the difference between population means.

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6
Q

Effect Size Conventions

A

Standard rules about what to consider a small, medium, and large effect size, based what is typical in psychology research; also known as Cohen’s conventions.

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7
Q

Meta-Analysis

A

Statistical method for combining effect sizes from different studies.

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8
Q

Power Tables

A

A table showing the statistical power of a study for various effect sizes and sample sizes

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9
Q

Statistical Power

A

Probability that the study will give a significant result if the research hypothesis is true.

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10
Q

Type I Error

A

Rejecting the null hypothesis when in fact it is true; getting a statistically significant result when in fact the research hypothesis is not true.

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11
Q

Type II Error

A

Failing to reject the null hypothesis when in fact it is false; failing to get a statistically significant result when in fact the research hypothesis is true.

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