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Interior Design Methods & Materials 218B > Making Material Selections - Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Making Material Selections - Chapter 1 Flashcards

0
Q

ANSI

A

American National Standards Institute

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1
Q

What role does the ADA play in interior design?

A

You must incorporate ADA Accessibility Guidelines in your designs for public spaces.

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2
Q

ASHRAE

A

American Society of Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers

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3
Q

ASTM

A

American Society for Testing & Materials

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4
Q

NKBA

A

National Kitchen & Bath Association

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5
Q

What’s the difference between codes as opposed to guidelines?

A

Buildings must comply with local building codes but guidelines may be voluntary.

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6
Q

ICC

A

International Code Counsil

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7
Q

Give an example of lightly regulated areas

A

Private spaces like a residential home vs. apartment.

For able-bodied adults familiar with the premises

No exceptional hazards.

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8
Q

Give an example of heavily regulated areas

A

Public shared places both public and privately owned.
(school/restaurants)

Spaces that serve to vulnerable populations (children/sick people)

Hazardous materials and processes are contained

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9
Q

Guidelines that pertain to materials :

A
  • Fire Resistance
  • Slip Resistance
  • Ability to be cleaned or sanitized
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10
Q

Guidelines that pertain to Items :

A
  • Ease of Use
    (particularly panic situations)
  • Visibility
  • Air Quality
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11
Q

Fire safety codes stipulate resistance to flames based on flame ratings that vary from A-C.

In what order does it go most to least stringent?

A

A, B & C

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12
Q

UL

A

Underwritten Laboratory

Third party testers for materials to see if they meet code

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13
Q

What is one of the biggest concerns for designers specifying surfacing?

A

Flammability

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14
Q

Flammability Testing :

Describe how the Methenamine Pill works.

A

A pill is placed on the material and then ignited. Seven of eight samples must resist burning out from the center. Measured from the center to the edge of the burn, the flame must be extinguished in less than eight inches.

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15
Q

IBC

A

International Building Code

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16
Q

Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)

A

Developed by the United States Green Building Counsil (USGBC), it’s a system for evaluating the effectiveness of building designs in achieving sustainability.
The system is separate from building codes and its optional.
The LEED system awards points for meeting criteria in which you can receive silver, gold, or platinum certification depending on how many sustainable characteristics are incorporated into the design.

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17
Q

How does ‘passive solar ‘ work?

A

Passive solar design refers to the use of the sun’s energy for the heating and cooling of living spaces. In this approach, the building itself or some element of it takes advantage of natural energy characteristics in materials and air created by exposure to the sun.

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18
Q

Renewable

A

More of the material can be produced. Plant or animal based so can grow more. Recycled content that will continue to become available.

Ex. Lumber, jute, leather

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19
Q

Sustainable

A

The time and resources needed to produce the material.

Ex. Managed forestry.

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20
Q

Recyclable

A

The material can be put to some other use at the end of its current use.

Ex. Used concrete can be broken and become aggregate in new concrete work.

21
Q

Recycled

A

Material that would have gone to a landfill is used as an ingredient in new products.

22
Q

Down-cycling

A

Used products are turned into items of less value than the original item.

Ex. Old carpet turned into car bumpers for parking lots

23
Q

Up-cycling

A

Used products are turned into items of greater value than the original item.

Ex. Recycled newspapers are turned into solid surfacing for countertops.

24
Q

Cradle-to-cradle

A

Old products turned into new versions of themselves

Ex. Carpet fiber reclaimed and turned into new carpet fiber.

25
Q

Postconsumer

A

The item has been used and was destined for landfill when it was diverted from the waste stream into a new purpose.

Ex. Aluminum cans recycled into aluminum for storm doors

26
Q

Preconsumer

A

Scraps from production are cycled back into the material stream at a fabricators place of manufacture

Ex. Glass trimmings from production are melted into new batches of glass.

27
Q

Durable

A

Physical fitness of the material for its intended location as well as the longevity of its design.

Ex. Stone mosaics in the Pantheon

28
Q

Adaptability

A

Can be reused in its current form in a new location

Ex. Carpet tiles moved to a new facility

29
Q

Low-embodied energy

A

Little energy was consumed when producing and transporting this item. Materials that are regionally manufactured or harvested.

Ex. Using stone from a local quarry rather than an overseas source.

30
Q

Sustainably Maintained

A

The material does not require excessive maintenance for its location

Ex. Porcelain tile that can be easily maintained without the use of noxious chemicals

31
Q

Nontoxic

A

Compounds that are unhealthy for humans and the environment are not used.

Ex. Specify inert components that do not off-gas VOCs so they do not affect indoor air quality.

32
Q

Biodegradable

A

Material that will deteriorate harmlessly into safe components

Ex. Specify plant based materials that are not treated with toxic chemicals and will degrade into harmless components when exposed to living organisms if possible

33
Q

Carbon Neutral

A

Production of the material does not increase the amount of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere

Ex. Select materials that have low energy use or manufacturers that offset carbon dioxide by, say, planting trees.

34
Q

Remanufactured

A

Material that is reworked to extend its life

Ex. Carpeting is one example of a material that can be overprinted to refresh its appearance if it “uglies out” before it wears

35
Q

Reuse

A

Secondhand items salvaged from other sites.

Ex. Architectural salvage and furniture have established markets so convenient use of some product categories is available

36
Q

When how green your products or materials are, try to consider :

A
  • Manufacturing
  • Packing & Shipping
  • Preparation & Installation
  • Use & Maintainance
  • Removal & Disposal
37
Q

Ecosystems

A

Inter-related habitats and organisms; healthy ecosystems remain in balance without depletion of resources.

38
Q

Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

A

Substances whose state can be changed and that interact with organic systems like ecosystems or individual plants and animals.

39
Q

Outgas

A

Volatile compounds that change from a solid or liquid to a gas and float out of the material.

40
Q

Particulates

A

Suspend solids (dust, grit, etc.) that reduce visibility and can cause lung and eye damage, and respiratory problems.

41
Q

Air changes per hour (ACH)

A

Movement of a volume of air in a given period of time; if a house has one air change per hour, it means that all the air in the house will be replaced in a one hour period.

42
Q

Sick building syndrome

A

Health or comfort complaints that appear to be linked to building systems but where no specific illness or cause can be identified.

43
Q

According to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), how much more concentrated are interior environments than open when it comes to volatile organic compounds?

A

Ten times

44
Q

What is the difference between green design and toxicity!

A

Toxicity directly addresses the affect that the products “ingredients” have on the human body but often then things that are bad for humans are also bad for ecosystems. When you avoid toxic materials for your client’s sake, you’ll be preserving the health of the environment as well.

45
Q

Environmental costs should include :

A

Not only the price of the materials but the sustainability and social impacts,

46
Q

FSC

A

Forest Stewardship Counsil

47
Q

Life-Cycle costs consist of :

A
  • Material
  • Prep Work required
  • Installation
  • Maintenance per year multiplied by the number of years the material is predicted to last
  • Cost of removing and disposing the material
  • Cost of restoring surfaces to receive other materials after removal
48
Q

Specification

A

A detailed description of requirements, or characteristics of a product or of labor, to be performed by others.

49
Q

NOFA

A

National Wood Flooring Association

50
Q

What kind of jobs will have higher designer fees?

A

More responsibility = more time

51
Q

Commissioning Agents

A

Persons responsible for coordinating and carrying out the commission process by implementing the commissioning plan and ensuring prior to occupancy that all building systems are operational

Interior Design Methods & Materials 218B (2 decks)

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