Making A Nation Test Flashcards
What is the British concept of ‘terra nullius’?
Vacant land (Latin) used when the British settled in Australia in 1788
What does ‘Suffrage’ mean?
The right to vote (given to only males)
What is ‘dispossession’?
The loss of land without arrangement/agreement. (Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islanders)
When did the Chinese come to Australia?
1750’s - 1840
How many Chinese came to Australia?
Nearly 3000 in New South Wales by 1850.
Why did the Chinese come to Australia?
They were In search of new opportunities & work.
Where did the Chinese arrive and locate?
They arrived in northern Australia, then settled in Sydney, New South Wales.
What type of work did the Chinese do in Australia?
They mostly worked as indentured labourers know as ‘coolies’
What were the Chinese experiences like in Australia?
The Chinese were not welcome by the Australians and were given unfair working conditions.
What were the ‘white Australians’ attitude toward the Chinese immigrants?
They weren’t welcome and got abuse and scraps thrown at them.
When did the Pacific Islanders come to Queensland?
Between 1863 & 1904.
How many Pacific Islanders came to Australia?
About 62 000.
Why did Pacific Islanders come to Australia?
They came to Australia expecting good work and fair wages on sugar plantations, but were tricked into harsh work and long contracts.
Where did the Pacific Islanders arrive and settle?
They arrived in Queensland and worked in the far north of Australia.
What type of work did the Pacific Islanders do in Australia?
They worked on sugar plantations.
What were the Pacific Islanders experience like in Australia?
They were forced to work in tiring conditions for lower wages than they were promised.
What were the ‘white Australians’ attitudes toward the Pacific Islanders?
The Pacific Islanders were ‘used’ by Australians for cheap labour.
How are the Pacific Islanders remembered today?
Pacific Islanders are reimbursed by their work on sugar plantations and the ban on ‘blackbirding’
How many afghans moved to Australia?
31 in 1886, then 2000 by 1900.
When did the afghans move to Australia?
From 1886
Why did the afghans come to Australia?
To work, riding camels across the desert to transport things.
Where did the afghans arrive & settle?
South Australia
What type of work did the afghans do in Australia?
Exploring the inland of Australia, transporting supplies and mail from south Australia to the north.
What were the afghans experience like in Australia?
Not good, were not treated equally.
What were the ‘white Australian’ views on the afghans?
They looked down upon them and saw them as ‘dirty’ & inferior.
How are the afghans remembered today?
They are remembered as important for the development of Australia as a nation.
When did the Japanese come to WA?
1870
How many Japanese came to Australia?
About 3000
Why did the Japanese come to Australia?
To dive for pearls
Where did the Japanese arrive and locate?
Broom, WA
What type of work did the Japanese do in Australia?
Pearl diving
What were the Japanese’ experience like in Australia?
Good, they were the best divers, however many died while diving due to no diving suites.
How are the Japanese remembered today?
By their legacy in pearl diving, and by the graves where people can visit. (700)
Why was Australia such a good place to work during the long boom (1850’s-1890’s)?
They were offered the best pay and working conditions.
What industries did the long boom help the most?
Wool, mining, & manufacturing (roads, buildings, railways, ports, & houses.
What was the average male life expectancy in Australia?
47 years old (much better than Britain)
When was the ‘penny-farthing bicycle’ invented?
In the 1880’s
What percentage of people attended chinch in the 1900’s compared to today?
1900’s: 50%. today: 9%
What was not good about church in city areas?
There was conflict between Catholics & Protestants.
What were living conditions like?
High rent, forcing many people to cram into poorly built ‘slums’. Crowded & polluted with animal waste and disease.
What were some public health problems in the 1900’s?
The bubonic plague, (disease lead to improvement in management such as quarantine) about 500 people throughout Australia died because of the beubonic plague in the beginning of the 20th century.
What were ‘larrikins’? (Inner city crime)
Young men who offended members of wealthier middle class families.
Why was Australia a ‘working mans paradise’?
Because workers had less hours and more pay with better conditions. However factorie conditions were poor.
How were women seen?
As ‘dependants’ & property of their husbands
When did marriage laws recognise women’s rights?
1873
When did the first federal election occur?
March 30, 1901.
What was the White Australian policy?
A policy designed to maintain the racial purity of the new nation.
When was the Pacific Islanders act passed?
December 17, 1901 (deporting Pacific Islanders)
What was the immigration restriction act?
It prohibited any non-europeans entry to Australia
When was the immigration restriction act passed?
December 23, 1901
When did Britain sign a military alliance with Japan?
1902.
What did the commonwealth franchise act bring?
The right for Australian/European women the right to vote.
What/when was the ‘invalid & old age pension act’?
1908, introduces payment of 10 shillings to people over 65 who were prevented from work due to a disability.
When/what was the ‘workers compensation act’?
1912, gave compensation to federal government employees to anyone who injured/got sick due to their work.
What/when was the ‘maternity allowance act’?
1912, allowed payment of £5 to women concidered part of the commonwealth on the birth of a child. Compensated for lost pay while in labour.
