make flashcards about iheritance unit of a level and about photosynthesis and respiration and also A
What is inheritance in genetics?
Inheritance is the process by which genetic information is passed from parents to offspring.
What are alleles?
Alleles are different versions of a gene that determine specific traits.
What does homozygous mean?
Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene.
What does heterozygous mean?
Heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene.
What is a genotype?
A genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, represented by the alleles it possesses.
What is a phenotype?
A phenotype is the observable physical or biochemical characteristics of an organism, determined by its genotype.
True or False: Dominant alleles always mask the effects of recessive alleles.
True
What is a Punnett square?
A Punnett square is a diagram used to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations in genetic crosses.
What is the purpose of meiosis?
Meiosis is the process that produces gametes, reducing the chromosome number by half.
Fill in the blank: The physical location of a gene on a chromosome is called its ___.
locus
What is a recessive trait?
A recessive trait is one that is expressed only when two recessive alleles are present.
What is codominance?
Codominance is a situation where both alleles in a heterozygote contribute to the phenotype.
What is incomplete dominance?
Incomplete dominance is when the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate between the phenotypes of the two homozygotes.
What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants and some other organisms convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose.
Where does photosynthesis occur in plant cells?
Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.
What are the two main stages of photosynthesis?
The two main stages of photosynthesis are the light-dependent reactions and the light-independent reactions (Calvin cycle).
What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis.
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
What is cellular respiration?
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
Where does cellular respiration occur in eukaryotic cells?
Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
What are the three main stages of cellular respiration?
The three main stages of cellular respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
What is the main energy currency of the cell?
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the main energy currency of the cell.
True or False: Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.
True
What is lactic acid fermentation?
Lactic acid fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in muscle cells and some bacteria, producing lactic acid.
What is alcoholic fermentation?
Alcoholic fermentation is a type of anaerobic respiration that occurs in yeast and some other microorganisms, producing ethanol and carbon dioxide.
Fill in the blank: The process of converting glucose into pyruvate is called ___.
glycolysis
What is the role of NADH in cellular respiration?
NADH is an electron carrier that transports electrons to the electron transport chain.
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
Oxygen serves as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
What is the byproduct of photosynthesis?
The byproduct of photosynthesis is oxygen.
What is the byproduct of aerobic respiration?
The byproducts of aerobic respiration are carbon dioxide and water.
How do photosynthesis and cellular respiration relate to each other?
Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, while cellular respiration uses glucose and oxygen to produce energy, carbon dioxide, and water.
What is a gene?
A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait.
What are genetic disorders?
Genetic disorders are diseases caused by abnormalities in an individual’s DNA.
What is a pedigree chart?
A pedigree chart is a diagram that shows the occurrence and appearance of phenotypes of a particular gene or organism from one generation to the next.
What is a test cross?
A test cross is a breeding experiment used to determine the genotype of an individual with a dominant phenotype.
What is the significance of the law of segregation?
The law of segregation states that during the formation of gametes, the two alleles responsible for a trait separate from each other.
What is the significance of the law of independent assortment?
The law of independent assortment states that alleles for different traits are distributed to gametes independently of one another.
