Major Therapy Models Flashcards by Ashley Wasko

Structural Family Therapy - Leaders

Salvador Minuchin

Charles Fishman

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Structural Family Therapy - Assumptions

Problems arise within family structure (not necessarily caused by structure)
Changing structure changes experience
Move gradually
Children’s problems often related to boundary between parents and boundary between parents and children

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Structural Family Therapy - Goals

Structural Change
Individuation of family members
Infer boundaries from patterns of interaction
Change patterns to realign boundaries to make them more closed or open

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Structural Family Therapy - Role of the Therapist

Perturb the system because structure is too rigid or too diffuse
Facilitate restructuring of the system
Directive, expert - choreographer
See change in therapy session; homework solidifies change

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Structural Family Therapy - Assessment

Assess nature of boundaries, roles of family members

Enactment to watch family interaction/patterns

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Structural Family Therapy - Interventions

Structural mapping
Unbalance
Challenge unproductive assumptions
Raise intensity so system must change
Disorganize and reorganize
Shape competence through Enactment

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Structural Family Therapy - Self of the Therapist

Therapist joins with system to facilitate unbalancing of the system

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Strategic Therapy (MRI) - Leaders

John Weakland
Don Jackson
Paul Watzlawick
Richard Fisch

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Strategic Therapy (MRI) - Goals

Help family define clear, reachable goals
Break the pattern; perturb the system
First and second order change

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Strategic Therapy (MRI) - Role of the Therapist

Expert positions
Responsible for creating conditions for change
Work with resistance of clients to change
Work with the process, not the content
Directive

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Strategic Therapy (MRI) - Interventions

Paradox
Directives
Interrupt unhelpful sequences of interaction
"Go slow" messages
Prescribe the symptoms

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Milan Family Therapy - Leaders

Boscolo
Palazzoli
Prata
Cecchin

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Milan Family Therapy - Goals

Disrupt family games

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Milan Family Therapy - Role of Therapist

Therapist as expert
Neutral to each family member
Curious

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Milan Family Therapy - Interventions

Ritualized prescriptions
Rituals
Circular Questions
Counter Paradox
Odd/even Day
Positive Connotation
"Date"
Reflecting Team
Letters
Prescribe the System

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SFBT - Leaders

Steve de Shazer
Insoo Kim Berg
Yvonne Dolan
Eve Lipchik

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SFBT - Goals

Help client to think or do things differently in order to increase their satisfaction with their lives
Reach clients’ goals
Shift client’s language from problem talk to solution talk
Modest goals (clear and specific)
Help translate goal into something more specific (clarify)
Change language from problem to solution talk

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SFBT - Role of Therapist

Cheerleader/Coach
Offer hope
Nondirective, client-centered

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SFBT - Interventions

Clear, achievable goals
Exceptions
Compliments
Formula First Session Task
Miracle Question
Scaling Questions

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Narrative Therapy - Leaders

Michael White
David Epston
Jill Freedman
Gene Combs

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Narrative Therapy - Goals

Change way clients view themselves and assist them in re-authoring their story in a positive light
Find alternative but preferred story that is not problem-saturated

Narrative Therapy - Interventions

Landscape of Action and Landscape of Meaning Questions
Preference Questions
Deconstruction Questions
Externalization
Re-storying/Re-authoring

CBT - Leaders

Ivan Pavlov
Watson
Thorndike
B. F. Skinner
Bandura
Dattilio

CBT - Goals

Modify specific patterns of thinking and/or behavior to alleviate presenting symptoms

CBT - Role of Therapist

Ask series of questions about assumptions rather than challenge them directly Teach family that emotional problems are caused by unrealistic beliefs

CBT - Interventions

Questions aimed at distorted assumptions Behavioral Assignments Parent Training Communication Skill Building

Contextual - Leaders

Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy

Contextual - Goals

Balanced Ledger

Contextual - Role of Therapist

Directive | Expert in terms of assessment

Contextual - Interventions

Process and relational questions Multi-directional impartiality Exoneration Coach toward rejunctive efforts

Bowen - Leaders

Murray Bowen Michael Kerr Edwin Friedman

Bowen - Goals

Increased differentiation of self Detriangulation Decrease emotional reactivity Increased intimacy with important others

Bowen - Role of Therapist

Coach Educator Expert - not collaborator

Bowen - Interventions

Genogram Process questions Detriangulation Decrease emotional reactivity

Psychodynamic (Object Relations) - Leaders

``` Freud Erik Erikson Nathan Ackerman Scharff & Scharff Bowlby ```

Psychodynamic (Object Relations) - Goals

To free family members of unconscious constraints so they can interact as healthy individuals Separation-Individuation Differentiation

Psychodynamic (Object Relations) - Role of Therapist

Listener Expert Position Interpret

Psychodynamic (Object Relations) - Interventions

Listening Showing empathy Interpretations Make safe holding environment

Experiential - Leaders

Carl Whitaker | Virginia Satir

Experiential - Goals

Promote growth, change, creativity, flexibility, spontaneity, and playfulness Make the covert overt Increase emotional closeness of spouses and disrupt rigidity Unlock defenses, enhance self-esteem, and recover potential for experiencing Enhance individuation

Experiential - Role of Therapist

Uses own personality Open and spontaneous, empathic, sensitive, and demonstrate caring and acceptance Active and directive

Experiential - Interventions

``` Sculpting Choreography Conjoint family drawing Role playing Use of humor Puppet interviews Reconstruction Sharing feelings and creating emotionally intense atmosphere Modeling and teaching clear communication skills Challenge 'stances' Use of self ```

Emotionally Focused - Leaders

Susan Johnson | Les Greenburg

Emotionally Focused - Goals

Identify and break negative interactional patterns Increase emotional engagement between couple Identify primary and secondary emotions in context of negative interactional pattern Access, expand, and reorganize key emotional responses Create shift in partners' interactional positions Foster creation of secure bond between partners through creation of new interactional events that redefine the relationship

Emotionally Focused - Role of Therapist

Client-centered, collaborative Process consultant Choreographer of relationship dance

Emotionally Focused - Interventions

Reflection Validation Evocative Questions and Empathic Conjecture Self-disclosure

Gottman - Leaders

John and Julie Gottman

Gottman - Goals

Empower the couple Problem Solving skills Positive Affect Creating shared meaning

Gottman - Roles of Therapist

Coach | Provide tools couple can use with one another and make their own

Gottman - Interventions

``` Sound Marital House Dreams-within-conflict Label destructive patterns Enhancing the Marital friendship Sentiment override ```