Major Theories of Neuropsychology & Intro to the SNP/CHC Model Flashcards
What Russian neuropsychologist, recognized as a major force behind modern neuropsychology, wrote the “Higher Cortical Functions in Man” (1963) and “The Working Brain” (1973)?
Alexander Luria (1902 - 1977), aka the father of neuropsychology.
The Luria’s Model of Functional Localization is organized in what three major “units’ or ‘blocks”?
(I) - the arousal unit
(II) - the sensory input unit
(III) - the output/planning unit
The Unit 1: Arousal and Attentional Processes is composed of:
The brainstem, reticular formation, midbrain, pons, and medulla
Brain damage in Luria’s Unit 1 is going to cause?
Major difficulties with higher cortical function, i.e. alteration or loss of consciousness.
Luria’s Unit 2: Sensory Reception and Integration (or Association Cortex) is composed of:
Temporal lobes (auditory processing), Occipital lobes (visual processing), and Parietal Lobes (tactile/kinesthetic processing).
What are the functions of Luria’s Unit II?
Sorting and recording of initial information, sequential organization and coding, simultaneous processing and integration.
In Luria’s Model, each lobe can be divided into what 3 “zones of functioning”?
- Primary Zone (receives, sorts, records information)
- Secondary Zone (organizes, codes information)
- Tertiary Zone (merges, synthesizes, forms basis of complex behavior)
The information that is being processed is more sophisticated as you move through the levels.
Organizing sounds into phonemes, pitch, tone, rhythm, etc. occurs in which of Luria’s units?
Unit II, in the Temporal lobes.
Analyzing color, shape, and form occurs in which of Luria’s units?
Unit II, Secondary areas, in the Occipital lobes
Analyzing direction, strength, localization of touch and movement of muscles and joints occurs in which of Luria’s Units?
Unit II, Secondary areas, in the Parietal Lobes
Luria’s Unit II, Tertiary areas are believed to be responsible for?
Cross-modality processing (e.g., auditory-visual processing (necessary for reading), auditory-tactile integration (necessary for writing), or visual-tactile integration (necessary for arithmetic, as well as body location in space and visual-spatial skills).
What is Luria’s Unit III: Output/Planning often referred to as?
The “executor” portion of the brain (it’s involved with higher order processing such as organization of information, conscious implementation of our plans, and ideas, and formulation of intentions and programs of behavior)
What is the function of the Frontal Lobes in Luria’s Unit III?
Formulation of intentions and programs of behavior, higher order of processing, locus of intelligence.
What is the Primary Zone of Luria’s Unit III?
The Primary Zone (Motor output) is the “motor strip” or “motor cortex” - sends motor commands to muscles.
What does the Secondary Zone of Luria’s Unit III do?
The Secondary Zone (premotor area) organizes the sequences of motor acts.
What does the Tertiary Zone in Luria’s Unit III do?
The Tertiary Zone (prefrontal lobes) involves maturity, decision making, planning, attention, delay of gratification.
Injuries to what area of Luria’s Unit III can produce hemiplegia?
The Secondary Area - the motor area.
The prefrontal lobes (tertiary area in Luria’s Unit III) receive information from what areas?
From the Tertiary area of the second unit, as well as from the emotional limbic system of the first unit, that allows individuals to respond rationally to environmental changes, and demands to the sensory input, and past experiences.
Luria’s work serves as the foundation for what theory?
The past theory.
This was the first test battery (1951) designed to measure a broad range of abilities.
The Halstead-Reitan Batteries
She is credited for emphasizing qualitative behaviors, later known as the Boston Process Approach.
Edith Kaplan
She proposed the neurodevelopmental model (NDM) in 2017 (its roots are in Lurian theory)
Elaine Fletcher-Janzen
The Neurodevelopmental Model (NDM) Evaluation Process contains how many steps?
10
What are the shortcomings of the CHC Theory? What constructs does it not address?
Sensorimotor Functions, Attention, Learning and Memory, and Executive Functions
In the initial development of the SNP model, in addition to CHC Theory, what other theories were integrated into the model?
Mirsky’s theory of attention, the Baddeley and Hitch’s theory of working memory, the Kaplan’s process-oriented approach, and the Lurian approach of strengths and weaknesses.
What two approaches did Hale and Fiorello (2004) combine in the Cognitive Hypothesis Testing (CHT)?
- Individual psychoeducational assessment.
- Intervention development and monitoring, using both behavioral interventions and problem-solving consultation.
What are the four components of the Cognitive Hypothesis Testing (CHT) Model?
- Theory
- Hypothesis
- Data collection
- Interpretation
Integrated in 13 steps of CHT Assessments.
Conducting Demand Analysis is a key component of which model?
The CHT model.
It examines Input Demands (e.g., receptive language, visual-motor integration), Task Processing Demands (e.g., focused attention, processing speed, working memory, reasoning, etc.), and Output Demand (e.g., fine motor response, visual-motor coordination, visual-spatial processing, expressive language).
How many broad classifications did the original SNP Model (2007-2012) consist of?
Seven.
(Sensorimotor functions, attentional processes, visual-spatial processes, language functions, learning and memory, executive functions, speed and efficiency of cognitive processing)
What are the SNP Model Classifications?
Broad Classifications > Second Order Classifications > Third Order Classifications
What are Sensorimotor Functions?
The basic building blocks for higher-order cognitive processes, which influence the acquisition of acquired knowledge.
Where is the primary auditory cortex located?
In the superior part of the temporal lobe and buried within the sylvian fissure or lateral sulcus.
Name the brain regions associated with language.
Broca’s area, Angular gyrus, Insular cortex, Wernicke’s area.
