MAJOR TAXA Flashcards
OAT BIOLOGY
The diversity Kingdom Animalia -Phylum Ctenophora
-Comb Jellies - Diploblastic organism with radial symmetry. -Acoelomate -
Bilateral symmetry
-2 distinct, symmetrical sides -triploblastic( 3 germ layers.) -exhibit cephalization.( the concentration of nervous tissues at the anterior end of the organism)
Phylum Platyhelminthes
-Flatworms -Acoelomates( no body cavity) -undergo respiration thru diffusion. -have one digestive opening -Bilaterians, triploblasts, protostomes -closely related to the phylum rotifers
phylum rotifera
-microscopic filter feeders. -pseudocoelomates (have a coeloms but they are not completely lined by mesoderm- derived tissue.) -Bilaterians, triploblasts, protostomes
Phylum Nematoda
-Round worms have complex respiratory and digestive systems. -free living soil dwellers that help decompose and recycle nutrients. -Pseudocoelomates –Bilaterians, triploblasts, protostomes
Phylum Annelida
-Earth worms and leeches. -True coelomates -Have complex, segmented bodies; -Move by muscle contraction with bristles called setae and limbs called parapodia. -Closest relative to the mollusks –Bilaterians, triploblasts, protostomes
Phylum of Mollusca
-Largest marine phylum –Bilaterians, triploblasts, protostomes -true coelomates -have nervous system and cephalization. -Have a mantle ( enclose cavity for respiration and execration.) -Radula - a tongue -foot for motility and anchoring
Phylum Mollusca have three classes
-Class bivalvia(bivalves) -Class Gastropoda (Gastropods) -class Cephalopods (cephalopods)
-Class bivalvia(bivalves)
- clams and oysters -filter feeders -secret hinged shells
-Class Gastropoda (Gastropods)
- snails and slugs -have a single continuous shell and are noted for their large developed feet. -herbivorous
-class Cephalopods (cephalopods)
-the most advanced mollusks -octopus, squid and nautilus. -well developed cephalization and are primary predators, using their tentacles to attack prey.
Phylum Arthropoda
-Anthropods -characterized by their jointed limbs, segmented body plan and exoskeleton. -the exoskelton is made of chitin. The coelom surrounds only the reproductive and excretory system.with a special body cavity called hemocoel facilitating their open circulatory system. -advanced brain and nervous system with chemoreceptors
Arthropods
have two life cycles. -nymphs develop to an adult -larva enter a cocoon and undergoes metamorphosis or sudden development into an adult.
The Phylum of Arthropods are divided into 4 subphyla
-Subphylum Crustacea -Subphylum Myriapoda -Subphylum Chelicerata -subphylum Hexapoda
Subphylum Crustacea
-insects of the sea. -lobsters, crabs, shrimps, krill and barnacles. -herbivores -feed on phytoplankton.
Subphylum Myriapoda
-exclusively terrestrial. -centipedes and millipedes.
Subphylum Chelicerata
class Arachnida -spiders, scorpoins, ticks and mites -have 8 legs and advanced eyes excellent predators
subphylum Hexapoda
-Class Insecta -all insects are characterized by their -3 part body plan -six legs -antennae
Echinodermata
-First deuterostomes -coelomate -radial symmetry -sea stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers
phylum chordata
-most advanced deuterostomes -have a notochord in the early embryo. -the notochord develop into a vertebral column . so they are classified under the subphylum Vertebrata.
Non-Vertebral Chordates
The notochord persists after birth; muscles help the animal move. Tunicates and lancelets. -both are filter feeders
Notochord
A flexible rod that extends below the dorsal nerve cord along the length of all chordate embryos -derived from the mesoderm and develops during the neurulation of the embryo.. All chordates poses a notochord. In Vertebral chordates, the notochord is replaced by the vertebral column later in the embryonic development.
Pharyngeal Pouches
-present in all chordate embryos. they are openings between the pharynx and the environment. NON-VERTEBRATE: pouch become pharyngeal slits- which develops into filter feeding and gas exchange. VERTEBRATES: pouch become pharyngeal arches - which develops into the jaw, hyoid bone, thyroid, the larynx, tonsil
Dorsal nerve cord
Derived from the ectoderm, forms the central nervous system. it develops into the spinal cord and anterior part of the brain.
Class Chondrichthyes
-sharks,skates and rays the notochord is replaced by cartilage rather than bone. -tough skin and predatory
Super class Osteichthyes
-origin of all other fishes. -bony fish have a bony jaw and skeleton -divided into, -(ray fishes) -class Actinopterygii and lobe-finned fish(class sarcopterygii). -Ray fishes represent majority of the fish species on earth.
Ectothermic
Fishes are cold blooded as their temperature is dependent on their environment.
super class Tetrapods
Tetrapods were the origin of animals like snakes and marine mammals. -Class Amphibia -Class Reptilia -Class Aves -Class Mammalia
-Class Amphibia
-adapted both to the terrestrial and aquatic habitats. -ectotherms. -
The three main orders of -Class Amphibia
-Order Anura-frogs and toads -Order Caudata- Salamanders -Order Gymnophiona- caecilians(large worms)
class Mammalia
Majority of mammals are placental, with offspring developing in the uterus and are nourished by a placenta. -nearly all give live birth -endotherms.
Class Aves
-descendant of reptiles. -they are birds. -have bills instead of teeth. -lightweight bones to fly. -endotherms.
