Major Subclassification Of Nucmed Flashcards
What is vivo
Living subject
What is under diagnostic procedures
Imaging studies
Non imaging studies
for brain, liver, lung, bone, kidney, heart, thyroid, and other
organs for detection of a tumor. Whole body imaging for the detection of
metastases
Imaging studies
are thyroid uptake to determine thyroid function,
renography for the investigation renal function, and blood volume measurement
Non imaging studies
treatment of
Hyperthyroidism with I-131
Therapeutic Procedure
In a glass
Vitro
What is under Therapeutic Procedure
Biomedical analysis
Radioimunoassay
measurement of hormones,
enzymes, and other
substances
RIA
Unsealed
Open
Two class of nuclear imaging
Positron imaging
Single photon imaging
Single Photon emission Computed
tomography (SPECT)
- Uses radionuclides that decay by gamma emission
Single photon imaging
Positron Emission Tomography (PET)
- Uses radionuclide that decay by positron emission
Positron imaging
Types of detectors
Gas filled detectors
Scintillation detectors
Those that depend on ionization in
which ionization is translated into electric current or impulses.
The use of an ionization chamber. The generic design concept
is a gas-filled chamber with positive and negative electrodes,
Glass filled detectors
those that depend on excitation.
Scintillation detectors
3 types of scintillation detectors
- Proportional Counters
- Ionization Chamber (IC)
- Gieger-Mueller Counters
Are very sensitive type of personnel monitoring
device
Pocket dosimeter
Device that is used to measure
Radioactivity before Injecting to the
Patient
Dose calibrator
main difference between a proportional counter and basic
ionization chamber is greater applied voltage between electrodes
useful is their ability to distinguish between
alpha and beta radiation.
Proportional counter
instrument for detecting and measuring the intensity of
ionizing radiation
Used as a survey meter
Geiger-Mueller Counter
This type of detector is the most commonly
used detector in nuclear medicine.
Scintillation detectors
output signal form accumulated charge in radiation detectors is
typically quite low
Pre amplifier
main purposes of the preamplifier
To amplify, if necessary, small signals from detectors
2. To shape signals for remaining signal processing
output signal form the preamplifier can still be quite low for traditional electronics in signal
processing chain
To amplify, the still relatively small pulses from the preamplifier
2. To reshape the long signals from the preamplifier to minimize pulse-pileup at high
count rates and improve SNR
Amplifier
Is an electronic device used to determine which portion of
the detected spectrum is used to create images.
Pulse Height Analyzer
Types of collimator
Pinhole Collimator
• Parallel hole Collimator
• Converging Multihole Collimator
• Diverging Multihole Collimator
HIGHEST RESOLUTION
This type of collimator provides the best spatial
resolution and the lowest sensitivity of any
collimator used in nuclear medicine
USED IN THROID SCANS
Pin hole collimator
MOST COMMON TYPE OF
COLLIMATOR
Parallel hole collimator
Provides both enhanced spatial
resolution and improved
sensitivity
Converging collimator
Used for imaging smaller objects
(similar to pinhole) using a camera
with a large FOV.
Used to achieve magnified
image with slightly improved
spatial resolution.
Converging collimator
3 parts of PMT
- Photocathode
- Dynode
- Anode (collecting anode)
