Major Schools of Psychotherapy Flashcards
Define: psychoanalysis
- a theory of personality and method of psychotherapy
- developed by freud
- explores unconscious motives and conflicts
Define: psychodynamic therapy
-explores unconscious dynamics of personality, such as defenses and conflicts
Features shared of modern psychodynamic techniques include (4)…
- discussion of past experience
- identifying recurring themes and patterns
- exploration of fantasies
- focus in contradictory emotions and feelings
A major element of psychodynamic psychotherapy is…
-transference
Define: transference
-the client’s transfer (displacement) of emotions of inner life outward onto the therapist
Through analysis of transference, psychodynamic therapists believe that clients can…
-see their emotional conflicts in action and work through them
Define: behavior therapy
-applies principles of operant and classical conditioning to help people change self-defeating behaviors
What are 4 methods used in behavior therapy?
- exposure (graduated exposure, flooding)
- systematic desensitization
- behavioral self-monitoring
- skills training
Define: graduated exposure
for phobias or panic attacks…
-client is gradually taken into a feared situation
-or exposed to a traumatic memory
…until anxiety subsides
Define: flooding
-client is taken directly into a feared situation until panic subsides
Define: systematic desensitization
- step-by-step process of desensitizing a client to their fear
- based on counterconditioning
Define: behavioral self-monitoring
- keeping data of frequency and consequences of the unwanted behavior
- aim to identify reinforcers allowing behavior
Define: skills training
teaching skills a client may lack, or replacing self-defeating behaviors through…
- modeling
- role-playing
- use of operant conditioning
Define: cognitive therapy
- helps client identify and change irrational and unproductive ways of thinking.
- helps reduce negative emotions and their self-defeating consequences
Another school of cognitive therapy, devised by Albert Ellis is…
- rational-emotive therapy
- challenges client’s unrealistic thoughts
Emotionally upset people tend to ______ and ________.
- overgeneralize
- catastrophize
Cognitive therapy encourages a client to examine the validity of…
-their assumptions and beliefs
CBT practitioners, inspired by buddhism, practice a form of CBT that is based on…
-mindfullnes and acceptance
In mindfulness and acceptance, clients are encouraged to…
- accept their thoughts and feelings without judging themselves harshly
- develop coping techniques for them
Humanist therapy emphasizes…
- client’s free will to change
- the “here and now”
Client-centered(non-directive) therapy is…
a humanist approach, devised by Carl Rogers. It emphasizes..
- therapists empathy
- and unconditional positive regard
The goal of client-centered therapy is…
- build self-esteem and self-acceptance
- find a more productive way of seeing their problems
The crucial ingredient in successful therapy, says Rogers, is…
-empathy
Define: empathy
-understanding and identifying client’s feelings
