Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro RCM > Major Plexuses and Peripheral Nerves Arising from Them > Flashcards

Major Plexuses and Peripheral Nerves Arising from Them Flashcards

1
Q

Composition of a spinal nerve

A

dorsal and ventral roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Each spinal nerve divides into:

A

ventral and dorsal ramus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dorsal ramus

A

innervates strip of skin and muscles along back

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ventral Ramus

A

innervates anterolateral parts of trunk and limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the ventral ramus innervate the thoracic region?

A

as intercostal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does the ventral ramus innervate non thoracic region?

A

converge with each other to form network of nerve plexuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Function of brachial plexus

A

provides major sensory and motor innervation to upper limbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of lumbosacral plexus

A

provides major sensory and motor innervation to the lower extremities and pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define Plexopathy

A

a type of neuropathy, pathology of plexuses causing motor/sensory dysfunction of extremities, may affet one trunk or all, may have acute or chronic presentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Plexopathy: causes

A

traumatic, mechanical compression by bony abnormalities, radiation, inflammatory lesions, neoplastic infiltration, diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

C5-C6 plexopathy: alternative name

A

Erb-Duchenne palsy “waiter’s tip”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

C5-C6 plexopathy: symptoms

A

weakness of should er abduction, elbow flexion, arm supination, numbness of lateral aspect of forearm, arm held at side, internally rotated, with writ flexion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

C5-C6 plexopathy: main cause

A

accidents and newborns when head is pushed away from shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

C8-T1 plexopathy: alternative name

A

Klumpke’s Palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

C8-T1 plexopathy: symptoms

A

severe hand weakness, atrophy, claw hand, numbness if medial aspect of hand and forearm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

C8-T1 plexopathy: when does Horner’s syndrome occur?

A

if the T1 root is damaged proximal to the sympathetic trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Sypmtoms of Horner’s syndrome

A

ptosis, myosis (pupila pequeña) y anidrosis (no hay sudoracion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

C8-T1 plexopathy: common cause

A

ussually occurs when the arm and shoulder are pulled up (upward traction) such as when grabbing a branch during a fall from a tree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

C8-T1 plexopathy: syndrome that can present this

A

neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome and Pancoast Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: pathology

A

lower brachial plexus is compressed between the clavicle and the first rib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: symptoms

A

severe hand weakness with numbness/parethesias, increased by raising and external rotation of the arm…pain of hand (ulnar) ad arm usually not prominent but cna also involve the chest and shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: causes

A

caused by a cervical rib, bony abnormality, postural abnormalities, muscle imbalanca

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: secondary symtpoms

A

swelling of extremity/decreased pulses due to vacular compression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: common patient

A

common in patients who pratice overhead arm activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Pancoast Syndrome: pathhology

A

lower brachial plexus injury by an apical lung tumor (usually non-small cell carcinoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Pancoast Syndrome: symptoms

A

severe hand weakness, atrophy, numbness of medial aspect of hand and forearm and pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Pancoast Syndrome: other diseases involved

A

Horner’s symdrome sometimes and recurrent laryngeal nerve involvement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Pancoast Syndrome: long run symptom

A

may eventually invade the entire plexus-completely weak, insensate arm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Idiopathic Brachial Plexitis: alternative name

A

Parsonage-Turner Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Idiopathic Brachial Plexitis: cause

A

an immune-mediated inflammatory process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Idiopathic Brachial Plexitis: onset characteristics

A

acute onset shoulde and arm pain (usually intense) followed by weakness and sensory loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Idiopathic Brachial Plexitis: prognosis

A

usually resolves within days to weeks with some residual motor/sensory loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Idiopathic Brachial Plexitis: patient arm position

A

arm in an elbow-flexion/should adduction position

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Diabetic Lumbosacral Plexopathy: onset characteristics

A

begins rapidly over a few days to a few weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Diabetic Lumbosacral Plexopathy: definition

A

rare proximal neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Diabetic Lumbosacral Plexopathy: symptoms

A

burning, lancinating pain on hips and anterior thigh, followed by weakness and wasting of thigh muscles, causing bukling of knee due to quadriceps weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Diabetic Lumbosacral Plexopathy: location

A

mainly, asymmetric involvement of muscles supplied by L3 an L4 (quadriceps, hip adductors, ilepsoas) but can have weakness in any muscle innervated by the lumbosacral plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Diabetic Lumbosacral Plexopathy: causes

A

poor glycemic control in adult patientt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Diabetic Lumbosacral Plexopathy: development

A

maximum defecit in wks, stable fr weeks to months, improvement over months to yrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What does each peripheral nerve exiing the plexuses have>

A

axonal fibers from different spinal nerves

41
Q

True or False: damage to a single spinal nerve will completely paralyze a limb

A

false

42
Q

Region of sensory loss with neuropathy: radial nerve

A

posterior cutaneous nerve of arm, posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm, dorsal digital nerves

43
Q

Region of sensory loss with neuropathy: median nerve

A

first three fingers (thumb index and el dedo malo)

44
Q

Region of sensory loss with neuropathy: ulnar nerve

A

4th and 5th finger

45
Q

Region of sensory loss with neuropathy: axillary nerve

A

skin where the deltoid muscle goes

46
Q

Region of sensory loss with neuropathy: musculotaneous nerve

A

lateral forearm

47
Q

Region of sensory loss with neuropathy: femoral nerve

A

medial thigh and leg

48
Q

Region of sensory loss with neuropathy: obturator nerve

A

upper inner thigh

49
Q

Region of sensory loss with neuropathy: sciatic nerve

A

lateral posterior leg, anterior medial leg

50
Q

Region of sensory loss with neuropathy: tibial nerve

A

sole of foot

51
Q

Region of sensory loss with neuropathy: superficial peroneal nerve

A

lateral leg and dorsum of foot (with fingers)

52
Q

Region of sensory loss with neuropathy: deep peroneal nerve

A

la parte entre medio del hallucis and 2nd fingerr

53
Q

Nerve motor function: radial nerve

A

extension of arm, wrist, and finger joints below the shoulder, forearm supination, thumb abduction

54
Q

Nerve motor function: median nerve

A

thumb flexion and opposition, flexion of digits 2 nd 3, wrist flexion and abduction, forearm pronation

55
Q

Nerve motor function: axillary nerve

A

abduction of arm at shoulder beyond first 15 degrees

56
Q

Nerve motor function: musculotaneous nerve

A

flexion of arm at elbow, supination of forearm

57
Q

Nerve motor function: femoral nerve

A

leg flexion at the hip, leg extension at the knee

58
Q

Nerve motor function: obturator nerve

A

adduction of the thigh

59
Q

Nerve motor function: sciatic nerve

A

leg flexion at the knee

60
Q

Nerve motor function: tibial nerve

A

foot plantar flexion and inversion, toe flexion

61
Q

Nerve motor function: superficial peroneal nerve

A

foot eversion

62
Q

Nerve motor function: deep peroneal nerve

A

foot dorsiflexion, toe extension

63
Q

Neuropathy of Peripheral nerves Arising from the Major Plexus: affecter fibers

A

sensory, motor, or both

64
Q

Neuropathy of Peripheral nerves Arising from the Major Plexus: symptoms

A

decreased sensation, abnormal sensation, weakness, atrophy, and muscle twitching (fasciculation)

65
Q

Neuropathy of Peripheral nerves Arising from the Major Plexus: causes

A

diabetes, infections, mechanical, toxins,
malnutrition, immune disorders, hereditary,
medications

66
Q

Where do the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve arise?

A

prior to carpel tunnel, travels superficial to the flexor retinaculum of the hand

67
Q

Is the palmar cutaneous branch of the median nerve involve in carpel tunnel?

A

no, it can be spared

68
Q

Phalen’s and Tinel’s Signs: symptoms

A

increasing pressure in carpal tunnel, compression of median nerve, tapping over median nerve, reproduction of sensory symptoms

69
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: pathology

A

Entrapment syndrome by compression of median nerve as passes under flexor retinaculum on flexor surface of wrist

70
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: cause

A

Associated with repetitive stress injury of wrist, pregnancy, hypothyroidism…

71
Q

What does the median nerve innervvate after it passes through carpal tunnel?

A

LOAF: Lumbricals I, II, opponens pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis brevis, flexor brevis pollicis- superficial head

72
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: symptoms

A

Sensory loss of 1rst,2nd,3rd digits with abnormal sensation

paresthesias)…May have Tinel’s sign and Phalen’s sign- provoke abnormal sensation (paresthesias

73
Q

Common Peroneal Nerve Palsy: symptoms

A

Foot drop, with weakness of foot dorsifexion and eversion, and sensory loss over dorsolateral foot and shin

74
Q

Common peroneal nerve passes around…

A

Common peroneal nerve passes around

fibular head near skin surface

75
Q

Common Peroneal Nerve Palsy: causes

A

Vulnerable to laceration, stretch injury by forcible foot inversion, or compression by stockings, cast, trauma

76
Q

Common Peroneal Nerve Palsy: diseases to take into consideration in differential diagnosis

A

L5 radiculopathy

77
Q

Femoral Neurpathy: symptoms

A

Weakness of thigh flexion, knee extension, loss of patellar reflex, and sensory loss in anterior thigh

78
Q

Femoral Neurpathy: causes

A

pelvic surgery, diabetes
mellitus, compression by pelvic
mass ,retroperitoneal hematoma,
pelvic fracture

79
Q

Femoral Neurpathy: diseases to take into consideration in differential diagnosis

A

Consider in the differential
diagnosis an L3 or L4
radiculopathy

80
Q

Meralgia Paresthetica: pathology

A

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve entrapped as passes under inguinal ligament and fascia lata

81
Q

Meralgia Paresthetica: symptoms

A

Abnormal sensation (paresthesias) and loss of sensation in lateral thigh

82
Q

Meralgia Paresthetica: associated conditions

A

Associated to obesity, pregnancy, weight loss, heavy equipment belts

83
Q

Ulnar Neuropathy: common cause

A

Associated to trauma as passes in ulnar

groove of elbow

84
Q

Ulnar Neuropathy: pathology

A

entrapment due to
degenerative disease, habit of resting
elbows on hard table

85
Q

Ulnar Neuropathy: symptoms

A

Weakness of wrist flexion and adduction, finger adduction and abduction, and flexion of 4th and 5th digits, together with sensory loss and paresthesias in ulnar
distribution

86
Q

Ulnar Neuropathy: diseases to take into consideration in differential diagnosis

A

Differential diagnosis includes C8 and T1 radiculopathy, brachial plexus injury

87
Q

Radial Neuropathy: common causes

A

Associated to sleeping with arm slung over
object, improper crutch use, tight wrist bands or
hand cuffs

88
Q

Radial Neuropathy: symptoms

A

Weakness of extensors of arm, hand and fingers,
sensory loss in radial nerve distribution, often
with wrist drop

89
Q

Sciatic Neuropathy: common causes

A

Associated to posterior hip dislocation, acetabular
fracture, intramuscular injection placed too medially and
inferiorly in buttocks

90
Q

Sciatic Neuropathy: symptoms

A

Weakness of all foot and ankle muscles and of knee

flexion, loss of Achilles tendon reflex

91
Q

Sciatic Neuropathy: diseases to take into consideration in differential diagnosis

A

Differential diagnosis includes lesions in foot area of

motor cortex

92
Q

Case: 3 week-old infant with hx of complicated birth due to shoulder dystocia
(difficulty delivering the shoulder) presents right arm weakness. There was
significant traction on the right neck and shoulder during birth. Has Decreased tone of right arm, internally rotated at infants side with decreased spontaneous movements. No flexion at elbow nor
abduction. Prominent weakness of deltoid, biceps, infraspinatus, wrist
extensors. Right biceps reflex absent.

A

C5-C6 plexopathy

93
Q

60 yo man with hx of lung cancer (apical) gradually develops severe
pain, with progressive weakness and numbness in his right arm. Pain is described as shooting, with swelling of the arm. Eventually, all strength and sensation is lost on the arm. Right arm and hand 0/5 strength with flaccid tone, absent DTR’s right arm, absent light touch, pinprick, vibration sense in entire arm up to the deltoid

A

Pancoast’s Syndrome

94
Q

Male pt develops pain and tingling in his right thumb, index and middle fingers that is worse at night.On exam
• decreased pinprick sensation as shown
• 4/5 weakness on right opponens pollicis
• Tinel’s and Phalen’s sign positive

A

Median nerve neuropathy (not C6-C7 radiculopathy because there is no neck pain that radiates)… mild weakness of right opponens pollicis

95
Q

Male pt slipped on wet floor and twisted right foot
toward the left, causing pain and weakness.On exam:
• Decreased sensation to pinprick as shown
• 0/5 strength right tibialis anterior, 3/5
strength strength right foot evertors

A

Common peroneal nerve palsy (not L5 radiculopathy becausethere is no back pain with radiation, the onset of sensory deficit is rapid and there is specific foot weakness)

96
Q

A diabetic male after weeks in intensive care unit notices weakness and numbness and tingling in left leg, over anterior thigh down to medial calf above foot. On exam
– Decreased pinprick sensation as shown
– 4/5 strength in left ileopsoas and quadriceps femoris, no other weakness, with absent left patellar reflex

A

peripheral femoral nerve lesion (not L2, L3, L4 radiculopathy because there is no back pain), not obturator nerve because there is no weakness of adduction of thigh

97
Q

After giving birth, a woman develops pain and numbness in the right lateral thigh. On exam:
– Decreased sensation to pinprick as shown
– Motor strength and reflexes normal

A

Dysfunction of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (not L2 radiculopathy because there is no back pain, and history of pregnancy)

98
Q

Male patient develops tingling and numbness in his left 5th digit, in the medial aspect of his left fourth digit, and along medial surface of his left hand and forearm, exacerbated by resting elbows on hard surface On exam:
– Decreased sensation to pinprick as shown
– Weakness of left 5th finger abduction

A

Ulnar Nerve lesion (not C8, T1 radiculopathy because no neck pain, and worsened by resting elbow on hard surface)

99
Q

After a fall, a female patient is unable to move her right
foot and has a tingling sensation on her right lateral lower leg and foot.On exam
– Decreased pinprick sensation as shown
– Strength 0/5 right tibialis anterior, extensor hallicus
longus, foot invertors , foot evertors, and
gastrocnemius
– Strength 3/5 right hamstrings
– Absent right Achilles tendon reflex

A

Sciatic Nerve Lesion(not L5, S1 radiculopathy because no back pain)

Neuro RCM (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions