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Animal Science 103: Equine > Major Nutrients and Feedstuffs > Flashcards

Major Nutrients and Feedstuffs Flashcards

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1
Q

Required Nutrients include …

A
  • Energy
  • Proteins
  • Minerals
  • Vitamins
  • Water
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2
Q

Energy is composed of …

A
  • Carbohydrates

- Fats

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3
Q

Carbohydrates can be either ….

A
  • Structural

- Non-structural

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4
Q

True or False: The most common type of energy comes from carbohydrates.

A

True

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5
Q

True or False: Fat is not energetically dense.

A

False : it is energetically dense

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6
Q

True or False: Fat is good in small proportions.

A

True

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7
Q

Protein is an _____ and ______ source for energy.

A

Expensive, Inefficient

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8
Q

Soluble carbohydrates are _____ and _____.

A

Starches and Simple Sugars

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9
Q

Non-structural Carbohydrates are otherwise known as …

A

Nitrogen Free Extracts

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10
Q

True or False: Non-structural Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy.

A

True

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11
Q

True or False: Non-structural Carbohydrates are digested and absorbed in small intestine.

A

True

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12
Q

True or False: Non-structural Carbohydrates are stored in the body as muscle only.

A

False . They are stored in the body as muscle and liver glycogen.

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13
Q

Non-structural Carbohydrates are soluble CHO’s in the ____ and are made up of ____ acid and ______ acid.

A

Hindgut, Lactic, Proprionic

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14
Q

Structural Carbohydrates are also known as …

A

Crude Fiber

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15
Q

The Structural Carbohydrate cell wall components are …

A
  • Cellulose
  • Hemicellulose
  • Lignin
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16
Q

True or False: Structural Carbohydrates are digested via fermentation in hindgut.

A

True

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17
Q

______ is the preferred energy source for most tissue.

A

Glucose

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18
Q

True or False: Glucose is the primary energy source when soluble CHO in diet.

A

True

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19
Q

______ glucose is highly regulated.

A

Plasma

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20
Q

What is the plasma glucose when fasting?

A

4.4 – 4.7 mmol/l

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21
Q

Plasma Glucose _____ immediately after meal and ____ slowly

A

Rises, Falls

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22
Q

Fat is otherwise known as …

A

Crude Fat

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23
Q

True or False: Fat is the most concentrated source of energy.

A

True

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24
Q

Addition of fat =

A

Decreased intake

25
Q

True or False: There is no such thing as fat supplementation.

A

False . It is well accepted

26
Q

Fats are the source of essential fatty acids such as …

A
  • Linoleic
  • Linolenic
  • Arachidonic
27
Q

Protein can be known as …

A

Crude Protein

28
Q

Protein contains _____ ______ used to build/maintain body tissue.

A

Amino Acids (AA)

29
Q

True or False: The quality of protein is less important than quantity.

A

False . The quality is more important than quantity

30
Q

There are two types of protein …

A
  • Essential

- Non-essential

31
Q

Lysine is first limiting _____ _____.

A

Amino Acid

32
Q

Protein needs to be __% of a diet.

A

8

33
Q

Common minerals used in diets are …

A
  • Calcium
  • Phosphorous
  • Magnesium
  • Sulfur
34
Q

Calcium is used in diets for …

A
  • Bones and teeth
  • Muscular activity
  • Enzyme activity
35
Q

Calcium is high in ____.

A

Forages

36
Q

What element is in ratio of 2:1 with Phosphorous?

A

Calcium

37
Q

The absorption of calcium is aided by vitamin __.

A

D

38
Q

Phosphorous is used in diets for …

A
  • Bones and teeth
  • Energy transformation
  • Acid/base balance
39
Q

Phosphorous is high in ____.

A

Grains

40
Q

High phosphorous limits ____ absorption.

A

Calcium

41
Q

Magnesium is vital for …

A
  • Bone
  • Muscular contraction
  • Enzyme cofactor
42
Q

_____ is primarily absorbed from SI.

A

Magnesium

43
Q

______ is the component of several organic compounds.

A

Sulfur

44
Q

Sulfur amino acids are …

A
  • Methionine

- Cystine

45
Q

Electrolytes are types of …

A

Minerals

46
Q

Some electrolytes necessary in the diet are …

A
  • Sodium (Na)
  • Chloride (Cl)
  • Potassium (K)
47
Q

Electrolytes have greater losses with ____ and _____.

A

Sweat and Diarrhea

48
Q

Electrolytes are toxic if …

A

Water is limiting factor

49
Q

Trace minerals depend on …

A

Soil content

50
Q

Trace minerals are often sold in and as …

A

salt blocks

51
Q

True or False: Vitamins are adequate in some diets.

A

True

52
Q

What are some vitamins that are adequate in some diets?

A
  • Vit. K
  • B vitamins
  • Vit. C
  • Vit. D
53
Q

What are some vitamins adde to most diets?

A
  • Vit. A

- Vit. E

54
Q

Vitamins added to some diets are …

A
  • Biotin
  • Niacin
  • Riboflavin
  • Thiamin
  • B6
55
Q

_____ is the most overlooked essential nutrient.

A

Water

56
Q

Water is ____ for life and aids in ________.

A

Vital, Digestion

57
Q

What is the minimum amount of water a horse should intake daily?

A

5 gallons

58
Q

What is a solvent, transports nutrients and metabolites?

A

Water

59
Q

What regulates body temperature and ionic concentrations?

A

Water

Animal Science 103: Equine (5 decks)

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