Major Nutrients and Feedstuffs Flashcards
Required Nutrients include …
- Energy
- Proteins
- Minerals
- Vitamins
- Water
Energy is composed of …
- Carbohydrates
- Fats
Carbohydrates can be either ….
- Structural
- Non-structural
True or False: The most common type of energy comes from carbohydrates.
True
True or False: Fat is not energetically dense.
False : it is energetically dense
True or False: Fat is good in small proportions.
True
Protein is an _____ and ______ source for energy.
Expensive, Inefficient
Soluble carbohydrates are _____ and _____.
Starches and Simple Sugars
Non-structural Carbohydrates are otherwise known as …
Nitrogen Free Extracts
True or False: Non-structural Carbohydrates are the primary source of energy.
True
True or False: Non-structural Carbohydrates are digested and absorbed in small intestine.
True
True or False: Non-structural Carbohydrates are stored in the body as muscle only.
False . They are stored in the body as muscle and liver glycogen.
Non-structural Carbohydrates are soluble CHO’s in the ____ and are made up of ____ acid and ______ acid.
Hindgut, Lactic, Proprionic
Structural Carbohydrates are also known as …
Crude Fiber
The Structural Carbohydrate cell wall components are …
- Cellulose
- Hemicellulose
- Lignin
True or False: Structural Carbohydrates are digested via fermentation in hindgut.
True
______ is the preferred energy source for most tissue.
Glucose
True or False: Glucose is the primary energy source when soluble CHO in diet.
True
______ glucose is highly regulated.
Plasma
What is the plasma glucose when fasting?
4.4 – 4.7 mmol/l
Plasma Glucose _____ immediately after meal and ____ slowly
Rises, Falls
Fat is otherwise known as …
Crude Fat
True or False: Fat is the most concentrated source of energy.
True
Addition of fat =
Decreased intake
True or False: There is no such thing as fat supplementation.
False . It is well accepted
Fats are the source of essential fatty acids such as …
- Linoleic
- Linolenic
- Arachidonic
Protein can be known as …
Crude Protein
Protein contains _____ ______ used to build/maintain body tissue.
Amino Acids (AA)
True or False: The quality of protein is less important than quantity.
False . The quality is more important than quantity
There are two types of protein …
- Essential
- Non-essential
Lysine is first limiting _____ _____.
Amino Acid
Protein needs to be __% of a diet.
8
Common minerals used in diets are …
- Calcium
- Phosphorous
- Magnesium
- Sulfur
Calcium is used in diets for …
- Bones and teeth
- Muscular activity
- Enzyme activity
Calcium is high in ____.
Forages
What element is in ratio of 2:1 with Phosphorous?
Calcium
The absorption of calcium is aided by vitamin __.
D
Phosphorous is used in diets for …
- Bones and teeth
- Energy transformation
- Acid/base balance
Phosphorous is high in ____.
Grains
High phosphorous limits ____ absorption.
Calcium
Magnesium is vital for …
- Bone
- Muscular contraction
- Enzyme cofactor
_____ is primarily absorbed from SI.
Magnesium
______ is the component of several organic compounds.
Sulfur
Sulfur amino acids are …
- Methionine
- Cystine
Electrolytes are types of …
Minerals
Some electrolytes necessary in the diet are …
- Sodium (Na)
- Chloride (Cl)
- Potassium (K)
Electrolytes have greater losses with ____ and _____.
Sweat and Diarrhea
Electrolytes are toxic if …
Water is limiting factor
Trace minerals depend on …
Soil content
Trace minerals are often sold in and as …
salt blocks
True or False: Vitamins are adequate in some diets.
True
What are some vitamins that are adequate in some diets?
- Vit. K
- B vitamins
- Vit. C
- Vit. D
What are some vitamins adde to most diets?
- Vit. A
- Vit. E
Vitamins added to some diets are …
- Biotin
- Niacin
- Riboflavin
- Thiamin
- B6
_____ is the most overlooked essential nutrient.
Water
Water is ____ for life and aids in ________.
Vital, Digestion
What is the minimum amount of water a horse should intake daily?
5 gallons
What is a solvent, transports nutrients and metabolites?
Water
What regulates body temperature and ionic concentrations?
Water
