Major Muscles Flashcards
Describe the attachments of the temporalis and masseter muscles
Temporalis:
- temporal fossa
- coranoid process and superior ramus of mandible
Masseter:
- maxillary process of zygomatic bone, and zygomatic arch
- angle and inferior ramus of mandible
Both innervated by mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
Both primary elevation of mandible
What are the 4 suprahyoid and 4 infrahyoid muscles (names only)?
Suprahyoid:
- geniohyoid
- digastric
- mylohyoid
- stylohyoid
Infrahyoid:
- sternohyoid
- omohyoid
- thyrohyoid
- sternothyroid
(good doctors medicate strongly, some over treat symptoms)
Describe the SCM and scalene muscles
SCM:
- mastoid process
- manubrium of sternum and medial clavicle
- innervated by spinal accessory nerve
Scalenes:
- anterior, middle and posterior
- anterior: from C3-6 TPs to 1t rib
- middle and posterior: from C5-7 TPs to 1st (middle) and 2nd (posterior) ribs
- innervated by ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-8
Describe the 4 extrinsic superficial back muscles
Trapezius (upper, middle and lower):
- EOP, medial third superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, SPs C7-T12
- lateral third clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
- innervated by spinal accessory nerve
Levator Scapulae:
- TPs C1-4
- superomedial border scapula
- innervated by dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboids (major and minor):
- SPs C7-T1 (minor); SPs T2-5 (major)
- medial border of scapula
- innervated by dorsal scapular nerve
Lat Dorsi:
- iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, SPs T6-12, ribs 9-12
- bicipital groove humerus
- innervated by thoracodorsal nerve
Which muscles are in each layer of the deep intrinsic back muscles (erector spinae, transversospinalis, and deep accessory)?
Erector spinae:
- iliocostalis
- longissimus
- spinalis
Transversospinalis:
- semispinalis
- multifidis
- rotatores
Deep accessory:
- intertransversalis
- interspinous
- levator costarum
Describe the erector spinae muscles
Iliocostalis:
- most lateral
- sacrum and iliac crest
- ribs, TPs of lower Cx
Longissimus:
- intermediate
- sacrum, SPs of Lx
- TPs of Tx and Cx, mastoid process
Spinalis:
- medial
- SPs Tx and Cx
- EOP
Describe the transversospinalis muscle group
As a group: all run from TPs to SPs in a superomedial direction
Semispinalis:
- span 4-6 segments
- Tx and Cx
- inserts occiput
Multifidis:
- spans 2-4 segments
- mostly Lx
Rotatores:
- longus: spans 2 segments, brevis: spans 1 segment
- mostly Tx
Describe the deep minor accessory muscles of the back
Intertransverse: between adjacent TPs
Interspinous: between adjacent SPs
Levator costarum: between TPs and ribs
Describe pec major and minor
Pec major:
- medial clavicle; sternum, costal cartilages 1-6, EO aponeurosis
- bicipital groove of humerus
- innervated by lateral pectoral nerve
Pec minor:
- coracoid process
- ribs 3-5 near costal cartilages
- innervated by medial pectoral nerve
Describe the splenius muscles
Splenius capitis:
- lateral occiput and mastoid process
- nuchal ligament, SPs C7-T3
Splenius cervicis:
- TPs C1-3
- SPs T3-6
Describe the diaphragm including crura and openings
Attachments:
- xiphoid process, internal surfaces of ribs and costal cartilages 6-12
- left crus: L1-3
- right crus: L1-4
Openings:
- caval (T8): in central tendon; IVC; expands when diaphragm contracts
- oesophageal (T10): in right crus, oesophagus and vagus nerve; constricts when diaphragm contracts
- aortic (T12): aorta, azygous vein; unchanged by movement of diaphragm
Describe the abdominal muscles
TA:
- TL fascia, iliac crests, internal surfaces costal cartilages 7-12, inguinal lig
- linea alba, pubis
IO:
- TL fascia, iliac crest, inguinal lig
- ribs 10-12, linea alba, pubis
EO:
- ribs 7-12
- anterior iliac crest, linea alba, pubis
RA:
- xiphoid process, costal cartilages 5-7
- pubis
Describe the QL and iliopsoas muscles
QL:
- iliac crests, iliolumbar lig
- TPs L1-4, rib 12
Iliopsoas:
- psoas: TPs T12-L5
- iliacus: iliac fossa
- lesser trochanter femur
Describe the deltoid and rotator cuff muscles
Deltoid:
- spine of scapula, acromion, clavicle
- deltoid tuberosity
- axillary nerve
Supraspinatus:
- supraspinous fossa
- greater tubercle humerus
- suprascapular nerve
Infraspinatus:
- infraspinous fossa
- greater tubercle humerus
- suprascapular nerve
Teres minor:
- inferolateral scapula
- greater tubercle humerus
- lower subscapular nerve
Subscapularis:
- anterior surface scapula
- lesser tubercle humerus
- upper and lower subscapular nerves
Describe the muscles of the anterior arm
Coracobrachialis:
- coracoid process
- middle of humerus
Biceps brachii:
- short head: coracoid process
- long head: supraglenoid tubercle
- radial tuberosity
Brachialis:
- distal humerus
- coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
All innervated by musculocutaneous nerve
Describe the tricep muscle
- long head: infraglenoid tubercle
- lateral head: posterior humerus above spiral groove
- medial head: posterior humerus below spiral groove
- all insert into olecranon process of ulna
Innervated by radial nerve
Describe the muscles in each layer of the anterior forearm (names only); and the 4 muscles that attach to the common flexor origin
Superficial:
- pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris longus
- flexor carpi ulnaris
Intermediate:
- flexor digitorum superficialis
Deep:
- flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
- pronator quadratus
Common flexor origin:
- pronator teres (humeral head)
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris longus
- flexor carpi ulnaris (humeral head)
All innervated by the median nerve; except for flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve)
Describe the muscles of the posterior forearm (names only), and the 4 muscles that attach to the common extensor origin
Superficial:
- brachioradialis
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor digitorum
- extensor digiti minimi
- extensor carpi ulnaris
Deep:
- supinator
- extensor indicis
- abductor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
Common Extensor Origin:
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor digitorum
- extensor digiti minimi
- extensor carpi ulnaris
Describe the glute muscles, piriformis and TFL
Max:
- posterior sacrum, posterior coccyx, posterior ilium, sacrotuberus lig
- ITB, gluteal tuberosity
- innervated by inferior gluteal nerve
Med & Min:
- external surface ilium
- greater trochanter femur
- innervated by superficical gluteal nerve
Piriformis:
- internal surface sacrum; sacrotuberus lig
- greater trochanter femur
- nerve to piriformis
TFL:
- ASIS, anterior iliac crest
- ITB
- innervated by superior gluteal nerve
Describe the quad muscles
Rec fem:
- AIIS & ilium superior to acetabulum
Vastus lat:
- greater trochanter; lateral linea aspera
Vastus intermed:
- femoral shaft
Vastus med:
- intertrochanteric line, medial linea aspera
Common insertion:
- tibial tuberosity via patella tendon
- innervated by femoral nerve L2-4
Describe the hamstring muscles
Common insertion:
- ischial tuberosities (except short head of biceps)
Semimembranosus:
- most medial
- medial tibial condyle
Semitendinosus:
- pes anserine
Biceps femoris:
- lateral fibular head
Describe the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg (names and brief attachments only)
Tibialis anterior:
- lateral condyle and superior tibia
- medial cuneiform, 1st MET
Extensor digitorum longus:
- lateral condyle tibia, superior fibula
- digits 2-5
Extensor hallucis longus:
- middle fibula
- digit 1
Fibularis tertius (sometimes)
- all innervated by deep fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)
Describe the fibular muscles
Fibularis longus:
- head and superior fibula
- medial cuneiform, 1st MET
Fibularis brevis:
- lateral fibula
- base 5th MET
Describe the fibular muscles
Fibularis longus:
- head and superior fibula
- medial cuneiform, 1st MET
Fibularis brevis:
- lateral fibula
- base 5th MET
- innervated by superficial fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)
Describe the fibular muscles
Fibularis longus:
- head and superior fibula
- medial cuneiform, 1st MET
Fibularis brevis:
- lateral fibula
- base 5th MET
- innervated by superficial fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)
What is the common insertion for both tibialis anterior and fibularis longus?
Medial cuneiform and 1st MET
Describe the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg including names and brief attachments
Tibialis posterior:
- posterior tibia and fibula
- sustentaculum tali of calcaneus, navicular tuberosity, cuneiforms, cuboid, METS 2-4
Flexor digitorum longus:
- medial tibia
- digits 2-5
Flexor hallucis longus
- posterior fibula
- digit 1
Popliteus:
- lateral condyle femur, lateral meniscus
- posterior medial tibia
- all innervated by tibial nerve (branch of sciatic)
What are the attachments of the tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior?
Tibialis anterior:
- medial cuneiform, 1st MET
Tibialis posterior:
- sustentaculum tali of calcaneus, navicular tuberosity, cuneiforms, cuboid, METs 2-4
