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Section 6 - SBO and OSCE Revision > Major Muscles > Flashcards

Major Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the attachments of the temporalis and masseter muscles

A

Temporalis:

  • temporal fossa
  • coranoid process and superior ramus of mandible

Masseter:

  • maxillary process of zygomatic bone, and zygomatic arch
  • angle and inferior ramus of mandible

Both innervated by mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

Both primary elevation of mandible

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2
Q

What are the 4 suprahyoid and 4 infrahyoid muscles (names only)?

A

Suprahyoid:

  • geniohyoid
  • digastric
  • mylohyoid
  • stylohyoid

Infrahyoid:

  • sternohyoid
  • omohyoid
  • thyrohyoid
  • sternothyroid

(good doctors medicate strongly, some over treat symptoms)

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3
Q

Describe the SCM and scalene muscles

A

SCM:

  • mastoid process
  • manubrium of sternum and medial clavicle
  • innervated by spinal accessory nerve

Scalenes:

  • anterior, middle and posterior
  • anterior: from C3-6 TPs to 1t rib
  • middle and posterior: from C5-7 TPs to 1st (middle) and 2nd (posterior) ribs
  • innervated by ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-8
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4
Q

Describe the 4 extrinsic superficial back muscles

A

Trapezius (upper, middle and lower):

  • EOP, medial third superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, SPs C7-T12
  • lateral third clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
  • innervated by spinal accessory nerve

Levator Scapulae:

  • TPs C1-4
  • superomedial border scapula
  • innervated by dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboids (major and minor):

  • SPs C7-T1 (minor); SPs T2-5 (major)
  • medial border of scapula
  • innervated by dorsal scapular nerve

Lat Dorsi:

  • iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, SPs T6-12, ribs 9-12
  • bicipital groove humerus
  • innervated by thoracodorsal nerve
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5
Q

Which muscles are in each layer of the deep intrinsic back muscles (erector spinae, transversospinalis, and deep accessory)?

A

Erector spinae:

  • iliocostalis
  • longissimus
  • spinalis

Transversospinalis:

  • semispinalis
  • multifidis
  • rotatores

Deep accessory:

  • intertransversalis
  • interspinous
  • levator costarum
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6
Q

Describe the erector spinae muscles

A

Iliocostalis:

  • most lateral
  • sacrum and iliac crest
  • ribs, TPs of lower Cx

Longissimus:

  • intermediate
  • sacrum, SPs of Lx
  • TPs of Tx and Cx, mastoid process

Spinalis:

  • medial
  • SPs Tx and Cx
  • EOP
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7
Q

Describe the transversospinalis muscle group

A

As a group: all run from TPs to SPs in a superomedial direction

Semispinalis:

  • span 4-6 segments
  • Tx and Cx
  • inserts occiput

Multifidis:

  • spans 2-4 segments
  • mostly Lx

Rotatores:

  • longus: spans 2 segments, brevis: spans 1 segment
  • mostly Tx
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8
Q

Describe the deep minor accessory muscles of the back

A

Intertransverse: between adjacent TPs

Interspinous: between adjacent SPs

Levator costarum: between TPs and ribs

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9
Q

Describe pec major and minor

A

Pec major:

  • medial clavicle; sternum, costal cartilages 1-6, EO aponeurosis
  • bicipital groove of humerus
  • innervated by lateral pectoral nerve

Pec minor:

  • coracoid process
  • ribs 3-5 near costal cartilages
  • innervated by medial pectoral nerve
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10
Q

Describe the splenius muscles

A

Splenius capitis:

  • lateral occiput and mastoid process
  • nuchal ligament, SPs C7-T3

Splenius cervicis:

  • TPs C1-3
  • SPs T3-6
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11
Q

Describe the diaphragm including crura and openings

A

Attachments:

  • xiphoid process, internal surfaces of ribs and costal cartilages 6-12
  • left crus: L1-3
  • right crus: L1-4

Openings:

  • caval (T8): in central tendon; IVC; expands when diaphragm contracts
  • oesophageal (T10): in right crus, oesophagus and vagus nerve; constricts when diaphragm contracts
  • aortic (T12): aorta, azygous vein; unchanged by movement of diaphragm
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12
Q

Describe the abdominal muscles

A

TA:

  • TL fascia, iliac crests, internal surfaces costal cartilages 7-12, inguinal lig
  • linea alba, pubis

IO:

  • TL fascia, iliac crest, inguinal lig
  • ribs 10-12, linea alba, pubis

EO:

  • ribs 7-12
  • anterior iliac crest, linea alba, pubis

RA:

  • xiphoid process, costal cartilages 5-7
  • pubis
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13
Q

Describe the QL and iliopsoas muscles

A

QL:

  • iliac crests, iliolumbar lig
  • TPs L1-4, rib 12

Iliopsoas:

  • psoas: TPs T12-L5
  • iliacus: iliac fossa
  • lesser trochanter femur
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14
Q

Describe the deltoid and rotator cuff muscles

A

Deltoid:

  • spine of scapula, acromion, clavicle
  • deltoid tuberosity
  • axillary nerve

Supraspinatus:

  • supraspinous fossa
  • greater tubercle humerus
  • suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus:

  • infraspinous fossa
  • greater tubercle humerus
  • suprascapular nerve

Teres minor:

  • inferolateral scapula
  • greater tubercle humerus
  • lower subscapular nerve

Subscapularis:

  • anterior surface scapula
  • lesser tubercle humerus
  • upper and lower subscapular nerves
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15
Q

Describe the muscles of the anterior arm

A

Coracobrachialis:

  • coracoid process
  • middle of humerus

Biceps brachii:

  • short head: coracoid process
  • long head: supraglenoid tubercle
  • radial tuberosity

Brachialis:

  • distal humerus
  • coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

All innervated by musculocutaneous nerve

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16
Q

Describe the tricep muscle

A
  • long head: infraglenoid tubercle
  • lateral head: posterior humerus above spiral groove
  • medial head: posterior humerus below spiral groove
  • all insert into olecranon process of ulna

Innervated by radial nerve

17
Q

Describe the muscles in each layer of the anterior forearm (names only); and the 4 muscles that attach to the common flexor origin

A

Superficial:

  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris

Intermediate:
- flexor digitorum superficialis

Deep:

  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • pronator quadratus

Common flexor origin:

  • pronator teres (humeral head)
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris (humeral head)

All innervated by the median nerve; except for flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve)

18
Q

Describe the muscles of the posterior forearm (names only), and the 4 muscles that attach to the common extensor origin

A

Superficial:

  • brachioradialis
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor carpi ulnaris

Deep:

  • supinator
  • extensor indicis
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis

Common Extensor Origin:

  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
19
Q

Describe the glute muscles, piriformis and TFL

A

Max:

  • posterior sacrum, posterior coccyx, posterior ilium, sacrotuberus lig
  • ITB, gluteal tuberosity
  • innervated by inferior gluteal nerve

Med & Min:

  • external surface ilium
  • greater trochanter femur
  • innervated by superficical gluteal nerve

Piriformis:

  • internal surface sacrum; sacrotuberus lig
  • greater trochanter femur
  • nerve to piriformis

TFL:

  • ASIS, anterior iliac crest
  • ITB
  • innervated by superior gluteal nerve
20
Q

Describe the quad muscles

A

Rec fem:
- AIIS & ilium superior to acetabulum

Vastus lat:
- greater trochanter; lateral linea aspera

Vastus intermed:
- femoral shaft

Vastus med:
- intertrochanteric line, medial linea aspera

Common insertion:
- tibial tuberosity via patella tendon

  • innervated by femoral nerve L2-4
21
Q

Describe the hamstring muscles

A

Common insertion:
- ischial tuberosities (except short head of biceps)

Semimembranosus:

  • most medial
  • medial tibial condyle

Semitendinosus:
- pes anserine

Biceps femoris:
- lateral fibular head

22
Q

Describe the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg (names and brief attachments only)

A

Tibialis anterior:

  • lateral condyle and superior tibia
  • medial cuneiform, 1st MET

Extensor digitorum longus:

  • lateral condyle tibia, superior fibula
  • digits 2-5

Extensor hallucis longus:

  • middle fibula
  • digit 1

Fibularis tertius (sometimes)

  • all innervated by deep fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)
23
Q

Describe the fibular muscles

A

Fibularis longus:

  • head and superior fibula
  • medial cuneiform, 1st MET

Fibularis brevis:

  • lateral fibula
  • base 5th MET
24
Q

Describe the fibular muscles

A

Fibularis longus:

  • head and superior fibula
  • medial cuneiform, 1st MET

Fibularis brevis:

  • lateral fibula
  • base 5th MET
  • innervated by superficial fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)
25
Q

Describe the fibular muscles

A

Fibularis longus:

  • head and superior fibula
  • medial cuneiform, 1st MET

Fibularis brevis:

  • lateral fibula
  • base 5th MET
  • innervated by superficial fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)
26
Q

What is the common insertion for both tibialis anterior and fibularis longus?

A

Medial cuneiform and 1st MET

27
Q

Describe the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg including names and brief attachments

A

Tibialis posterior:

  • posterior tibia and fibula
  • sustentaculum tali of calcaneus, navicular tuberosity, cuneiforms, cuboid, METS 2-4

Flexor digitorum longus:

  • medial tibia
  • digits 2-5

Flexor hallucis longus

  • posterior fibula
  • digit 1

Popliteus:

  • lateral condyle femur, lateral meniscus
  • posterior medial tibia
  • all innervated by tibial nerve (branch of sciatic)
28
Q

What are the attachments of the tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior?

A

Tibialis anterior:
- medial cuneiform, 1st MET

Tibialis posterior:
- sustentaculum tali of calcaneus, navicular tuberosity, cuneiforms, cuboid, METs 2-4

Section 6 - SBO and OSCE Revision (2 decks)

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