Major Muscles Flashcards
Describe the attachments of the temporalis and masseter muscles
Temporalis:
- temporal fossa
- coranoid process and superior ramus of mandible
Masseter:
- maxillary process of zygomatic bone, and zygomatic arch
- angle and inferior ramus of mandible
Both innervated by mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
Both primary elevation of mandible
What are the 4 suprahyoid and 4 infrahyoid muscles (names only)?
Suprahyoid:
- geniohyoid
- digastric
- mylohyoid
- stylohyoid
Infrahyoid:
- sternohyoid
- omohyoid
- thyrohyoid
- sternothyroid
(good doctors medicate strongly, some over treat symptoms)
Describe the SCM and scalene muscles
SCM:
- mastoid process
- manubrium of sternum and medial clavicle
- innervated by spinal accessory nerve
Scalenes:
- anterior, middle and posterior
- anterior: from C3-6 TPs to 1t rib
- middle and posterior: from C5-7 TPs to 1st (middle) and 2nd (posterior) ribs
- innervated by ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-8
Describe the 4 extrinsic superficial back muscles
Trapezius (upper, middle and lower):
- EOP, medial third superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, SPs C7-T12
- lateral third clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
- innervated by spinal accessory nerve
Levator Scapulae:
- TPs C1-4
- superomedial border scapula
- innervated by dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboids (major and minor):
- SPs C7-T1 (minor); SPs T2-5 (major)
- medial border of scapula
- innervated by dorsal scapular nerve
Lat Dorsi:
- iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, SPs T6-12, ribs 9-12
- bicipital groove humerus
- innervated by thoracodorsal nerve
Which muscles are in each layer of the deep intrinsic back muscles (erector spinae, transversospinalis, and deep accessory)?
Erector spinae:
- iliocostalis
- longissimus
- spinalis
Transversospinalis:
- semispinalis
- multifidis
- rotatores
Deep accessory:
- intertransversalis
- interspinous
- levator costarum
Describe the erector spinae muscles
Iliocostalis:
- most lateral
- sacrum and iliac crest
- ribs, TPs of lower Cx
Longissimus:
- intermediate
- sacrum, SPs of Lx
- TPs of Tx and Cx, mastoid process
Spinalis:
- medial
- SPs Tx and Cx
- EOP
Describe the transversospinalis muscle group
As a group: all run from TPs to SPs in a superomedial direction
Semispinalis:
- span 4-6 segments
- Tx and Cx
- inserts occiput
Multifidis:
- spans 2-4 segments
- mostly Lx
Rotatores:
- longus: spans 2 segments, brevis: spans 1 segment
- mostly Tx
Describe the deep minor accessory muscles of the back
Intertransverse: between adjacent TPs
Interspinous: between adjacent SPs
Levator costarum: between TPs and ribs
Describe pec major and minor
Pec major:
- medial clavicle; sternum, costal cartilages 1-6, EO aponeurosis
- bicipital groove of humerus
- innervated by lateral pectoral nerve
Pec minor:
- coracoid process
- ribs 3-5 near costal cartilages
- innervated by medial pectoral nerve
Describe the splenius muscles
Splenius capitis:
- lateral occiput and mastoid process
- nuchal ligament, SPs C7-T3
Splenius cervicis:
- TPs C1-3
- SPs T3-6
Describe the diaphragm including crura and openings
Attachments:
- xiphoid process, internal surfaces of ribs and costal cartilages 6-12
- left crus: L1-3
- right crus: L1-4
Openings:
- caval (T8): in central tendon; IVC; expands when diaphragm contracts
- oesophageal (T10): in right crus, oesophagus and vagus nerve; constricts when diaphragm contracts
- aortic (T12): aorta, azygous vein; unchanged by movement of diaphragm
Describe the abdominal muscles
TA:
- TL fascia, iliac crests, internal surfaces costal cartilages 7-12, inguinal lig
- linea alba, pubis
IO:
- TL fascia, iliac crest, inguinal lig
- ribs 10-12, linea alba, pubis
EO:
- ribs 7-12
- anterior iliac crest, linea alba, pubis
RA:
- xiphoid process, costal cartilages 5-7
- pubis
Describe the QL and iliopsoas muscles
QL:
- iliac crests, iliolumbar lig
- TPs L1-4, rib 12
Iliopsoas:
- psoas: TPs T12-L5
- iliacus: iliac fossa
- lesser trochanter femur
Describe the deltoid and rotator cuff muscles
Deltoid:
- spine of scapula, acromion, clavicle
- deltoid tuberosity
- axillary nerve
Supraspinatus:
- supraspinous fossa
- greater tubercle humerus
- suprascapular nerve
Infraspinatus:
- infraspinous fossa
- greater tubercle humerus
- suprascapular nerve
Teres minor:
- inferolateral scapula
- greater tubercle humerus
- lower subscapular nerve
Subscapularis:
- anterior surface scapula
- lesser tubercle humerus
- upper and lower subscapular nerves
Describe the muscles of the anterior arm
Coracobrachialis:
- coracoid process
- middle of humerus
Biceps brachii:
- short head: coracoid process
- long head: supraglenoid tubercle
- radial tuberosity
Brachialis:
- distal humerus
- coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
All innervated by musculocutaneous nerve
Describe the tricep muscle
- long head: infraglenoid tubercle
- lateral head: posterior humerus above spiral groove
- medial head: posterior humerus below spiral groove
- all insert into olecranon process of ulna
Innervated by radial nerve
Describe the muscles in each layer of the anterior forearm (names only); and the 4 muscles that attach to the common flexor origin
Superficial:
- pronator teres
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris longus
- flexor carpi ulnaris
Intermediate:
- flexor digitorum superficialis
Deep:
- flexor digitorum profundus
- flexor pollicis longus
- pronator quadratus
Common flexor origin:
- pronator teres (humeral head)
- flexor carpi radialis
- palmaris longus
- flexor carpi ulnaris (humeral head)
All innervated by the median nerve; except for flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve)
Describe the muscles of the posterior forearm (names only), and the 4 muscles that attach to the common extensor origin
Superficial:
- brachioradialis
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor digitorum
- extensor digiti minimi
- extensor carpi ulnaris
Deep:
- supinator
- extensor indicis
- abductor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis longus
- extensor pollicis brevis
Common Extensor Origin:
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor digitorum
- extensor digiti minimi
- extensor carpi ulnaris
Describe the glute muscles, piriformis and TFL
Max:
- posterior sacrum, posterior coccyx, posterior ilium, sacrotuberus lig
- ITB, gluteal tuberosity
- innervated by inferior gluteal nerve
Med & Min:
- external surface ilium
- greater trochanter femur
- innervated by superficical gluteal nerve
Piriformis:
- internal surface sacrum; sacrotuberus lig
- greater trochanter femur
- nerve to piriformis
TFL:
- ASIS, anterior iliac crest
- ITB
- innervated by superior gluteal nerve
Describe the quad muscles
Rec fem:
- AIIS & ilium superior to acetabulum
Vastus lat:
- greater trochanter; lateral linea aspera
Vastus intermed:
- femoral shaft
Vastus med:
- intertrochanteric line, medial linea aspera
Common insertion:
- tibial tuberosity via patella tendon
- innervated by femoral nerve L2-4
Describe the hamstring muscles
Common insertion:
- ischial tuberosities (except short head of biceps)
Semimembranosus:
- most medial
- medial tibial condyle
Semitendinosus:
- pes anserine
Biceps femoris:
- lateral fibular head
Describe the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg (names and brief attachments only)
Tibialis anterior:
- lateral condyle and superior tibia
- medial cuneiform, 1st MET
Extensor digitorum longus:
- lateral condyle tibia, superior fibula
- digits 2-5
Extensor hallucis longus:
- middle fibula
- digit 1
Fibularis tertius (sometimes)
- all innervated by deep fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)
Describe the fibular muscles
Fibularis longus:
- head and superior fibula
- medial cuneiform, 1st MET
Fibularis brevis:
- lateral fibula
- base 5th MET
Describe the fibular muscles
Fibularis longus:
- head and superior fibula
- medial cuneiform, 1st MET
Fibularis brevis:
- lateral fibula
- base 5th MET
- innervated by superficial fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)
