Major Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the attachments of the temporalis and masseter muscles

A

Temporalis:

  • temporal fossa
  • coranoid process and superior ramus of mandible

Masseter:

  • maxillary process of zygomatic bone, and zygomatic arch
  • angle and inferior ramus of mandible

Both innervated by mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

Both primary elevation of mandible

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2
Q

What are the 4 suprahyoid and 4 infrahyoid muscles (names only)?

A

Suprahyoid:

  • geniohyoid
  • digastric
  • mylohyoid
  • stylohyoid

Infrahyoid:

  • sternohyoid
  • omohyoid
  • thyrohyoid
  • sternothyroid

(good doctors medicate strongly, some over treat symptoms)

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3
Q

Describe the SCM and scalene muscles

A

SCM:

  • mastoid process
  • manubrium of sternum and medial clavicle
  • innervated by spinal accessory nerve

Scalenes:

  • anterior, middle and posterior
  • anterior: from C3-6 TPs to 1t rib
  • middle and posterior: from C5-7 TPs to 1st (middle) and 2nd (posterior) ribs
  • innervated by ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-8
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4
Q

Describe the 4 extrinsic superficial back muscles

A

Trapezius (upper, middle and lower):

  • EOP, medial third superior nuchal line, nuchal ligament, SPs C7-T12
  • lateral third clavicle, acromion process, spine of scapula
  • innervated by spinal accessory nerve

Levator Scapulae:

  • TPs C1-4
  • superomedial border scapula
  • innervated by dorsal scapular nerve

Rhomboids (major and minor):

  • SPs C7-T1 (minor); SPs T2-5 (major)
  • medial border of scapula
  • innervated by dorsal scapular nerve

Lat Dorsi:

  • iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, SPs T6-12, ribs 9-12
  • bicipital groove humerus
  • innervated by thoracodorsal nerve
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5
Q

Which muscles are in each layer of the deep intrinsic back muscles (erector spinae, transversospinalis, and deep accessory)?

A

Erector spinae:

  • iliocostalis
  • longissimus
  • spinalis

Transversospinalis:

  • semispinalis
  • multifidis
  • rotatores

Deep accessory:

  • intertransversalis
  • interspinous
  • levator costarum
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6
Q

Describe the erector spinae muscles

A

Iliocostalis:

  • most lateral
  • sacrum and iliac crest
  • ribs, TPs of lower Cx

Longissimus:

  • intermediate
  • sacrum, SPs of Lx
  • TPs of Tx and Cx, mastoid process

Spinalis:

  • medial
  • SPs Tx and Cx
  • EOP
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7
Q

Describe the transversospinalis muscle group

A

As a group: all run from TPs to SPs in a superomedial direction

Semispinalis:

  • span 4-6 segments
  • Tx and Cx
  • inserts occiput

Multifidis:

  • spans 2-4 segments
  • mostly Lx

Rotatores:

  • longus: spans 2 segments, brevis: spans 1 segment
  • mostly Tx
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8
Q

Describe the deep minor accessory muscles of the back

A

Intertransverse: between adjacent TPs

Interspinous: between adjacent SPs

Levator costarum: between TPs and ribs

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9
Q

Describe pec major and minor

A

Pec major:

  • medial clavicle; sternum, costal cartilages 1-6, EO aponeurosis
  • bicipital groove of humerus
  • innervated by lateral pectoral nerve

Pec minor:

  • coracoid process
  • ribs 3-5 near costal cartilages
  • innervated by medial pectoral nerve
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10
Q

Describe the splenius muscles

A

Splenius capitis:

  • lateral occiput and mastoid process
  • nuchal ligament, SPs C7-T3

Splenius cervicis:

  • TPs C1-3
  • SPs T3-6
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11
Q

Describe the diaphragm including crura and openings

A

Attachments:

  • xiphoid process, internal surfaces of ribs and costal cartilages 6-12
  • left crus: L1-3
  • right crus: L1-4

Openings:

  • caval (T8): in central tendon; IVC; expands when diaphragm contracts
  • oesophageal (T10): in right crus, oesophagus and vagus nerve; constricts when diaphragm contracts
  • aortic (T12): aorta, azygous vein; unchanged by movement of diaphragm
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12
Q

Describe the abdominal muscles

A

TA:

  • TL fascia, iliac crests, internal surfaces costal cartilages 7-12, inguinal lig
  • linea alba, pubis

IO:

  • TL fascia, iliac crest, inguinal lig
  • ribs 10-12, linea alba, pubis

EO:

  • ribs 7-12
  • anterior iliac crest, linea alba, pubis

RA:

  • xiphoid process, costal cartilages 5-7
  • pubis
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13
Q

Describe the QL and iliopsoas muscles

A

QL:

  • iliac crests, iliolumbar lig
  • TPs L1-4, rib 12

Iliopsoas:

  • psoas: TPs T12-L5
  • iliacus: iliac fossa
  • lesser trochanter femur
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14
Q

Describe the deltoid and rotator cuff muscles

A

Deltoid:

  • spine of scapula, acromion, clavicle
  • deltoid tuberosity
  • axillary nerve

Supraspinatus:

  • supraspinous fossa
  • greater tubercle humerus
  • suprascapular nerve

Infraspinatus:

  • infraspinous fossa
  • greater tubercle humerus
  • suprascapular nerve

Teres minor:

  • inferolateral scapula
  • greater tubercle humerus
  • lower subscapular nerve

Subscapularis:

  • anterior surface scapula
  • lesser tubercle humerus
  • upper and lower subscapular nerves
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15
Q

Describe the muscles of the anterior arm

A

Coracobrachialis:

  • coracoid process
  • middle of humerus

Biceps brachii:

  • short head: coracoid process
  • long head: supraglenoid tubercle
  • radial tuberosity

Brachialis:

  • distal humerus
  • coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna

All innervated by musculocutaneous nerve

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16
Q

Describe the tricep muscle

A
  • long head: infraglenoid tubercle
  • lateral head: posterior humerus above spiral groove
  • medial head: posterior humerus below spiral groove
  • all insert into olecranon process of ulna

Innervated by radial nerve

17
Q

Describe the muscles in each layer of the anterior forearm (names only); and the 4 muscles that attach to the common flexor origin

A

Superficial:

  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris

Intermediate:
- flexor digitorum superficialis

Deep:

  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • pronator quadratus

Common flexor origin:

  • pronator teres (humeral head)
  • flexor carpi radialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris (humeral head)

All innervated by the median nerve; except for flexor carpi ulnaris and the medial half of flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar nerve)

18
Q

Describe the muscles of the posterior forearm (names only), and the 4 muscles that attach to the common extensor origin

A

Superficial:

  • brachioradialis
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor carpi ulnaris

Deep:

  • supinator
  • extensor indicis
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis

Common Extensor Origin:

  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
19
Q

Describe the glute muscles, piriformis and TFL

A

Max:

  • posterior sacrum, posterior coccyx, posterior ilium, sacrotuberus lig
  • ITB, gluteal tuberosity
  • innervated by inferior gluteal nerve

Med & Min:

  • external surface ilium
  • greater trochanter femur
  • innervated by superficical gluteal nerve

Piriformis:

  • internal surface sacrum; sacrotuberus lig
  • greater trochanter femur
  • nerve to piriformis

TFL:

  • ASIS, anterior iliac crest
  • ITB
  • innervated by superior gluteal nerve
20
Q

Describe the quad muscles

A

Rec fem:
- AIIS & ilium superior to acetabulum

Vastus lat:
- greater trochanter; lateral linea aspera

Vastus intermed:
- femoral shaft

Vastus med:
- intertrochanteric line, medial linea aspera

Common insertion:
- tibial tuberosity via patella tendon

  • innervated by femoral nerve L2-4
21
Q

Describe the hamstring muscles

A

Common insertion:
- ischial tuberosities (except short head of biceps)

Semimembranosus:

  • most medial
  • medial tibial condyle

Semitendinosus:
- pes anserine

Biceps femoris:
- lateral fibular head

22
Q

Describe the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg (names and brief attachments only)

A

Tibialis anterior:

  • lateral condyle and superior tibia
  • medial cuneiform, 1st MET

Extensor digitorum longus:

  • lateral condyle tibia, superior fibula
  • digits 2-5

Extensor hallucis longus:

  • middle fibula
  • digit 1

Fibularis tertius (sometimes)

  • all innervated by deep fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)
23
Q

Describe the fibular muscles

A

Fibularis longus:

  • head and superior fibula
  • medial cuneiform, 1st MET

Fibularis brevis:

  • lateral fibula
  • base 5th MET
24
Q

Describe the fibular muscles

A

Fibularis longus:

  • head and superior fibula
  • medial cuneiform, 1st MET

Fibularis brevis:

  • lateral fibula
  • base 5th MET
  • innervated by superficial fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)
25
Describe the fibular muscles
Fibularis longus: - head and superior fibula - medial cuneiform, 1st MET Fibularis brevis: - lateral fibula - base 5th MET - innervated by superficial fibular nerve (branch of sciatic)
26
What is the common insertion for both tibialis anterior and fibularis longus?
Medial cuneiform and 1st MET
27
Describe the muscles of the deep posterior compartment of the leg including names and brief attachments
Tibialis posterior: - posterior tibia and fibula - sustentaculum tali of calcaneus, navicular tuberosity, cuneiforms, cuboid, METS 2-4 Flexor digitorum longus: - medial tibia - digits 2-5 Flexor hallucis longus - posterior fibula - digit 1 Popliteus: - lateral condyle femur, lateral meniscus - posterior medial tibia - all innervated by tibial nerve (branch of sciatic)
28
What are the attachments of the tibialis posterior and tibialis anterior?
Tibialis anterior: - medial cuneiform, 1st MET Tibialis posterior: - sustentaculum tali of calcaneus, navicular tuberosity, cuneiforms, cuboid, METs 2-4