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Major & Minor Connectors Flashcards

1
Q

MAJOR CONNECTOR

A

That component of a partial denture
which joins the minor connectors and
their attached assemblies together
to form a solid unit

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2
Q

REQUIREMENTS OF
MAJOR CONNECTORS
(2)

A

rigidity
location

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3
Q

RIGIDITY
(4)

A

• Functions as one unit
• Broad stress distribution
• Reduce torque
• Avoid tissue
damage

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4
Q

flexibility=

A

force conc

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5
Q

Cross-Arch Stabilization
(Counterleverage)

A

– Bracing elements on one side of the arch
providing stability to the other

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6
Q

Non-Interference with Tissues

A

– Should not enter undercut areas
• avoid by changing path of insertion
• or by using blockout

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7
Q

Avoid terminating on:

A

– Free gingival margin
• Cross abruptly at 90o
• Relief is used to minimize impingement
– Lingual frenum & the movable soft palate
– Soft tissue movements must also be
allowed
– Careful intraoral exam

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8
Q

Minimize Food Impaction
(2)

A

• Locate margins away from the FGM
• Eliminate “traps” or large concavities
where food can collect

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9
Q

Unobtrusive
• Smooth transition from

A

connector to
denture base - butt joint

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10
Q

Unobtrusive
• Line angles and edges should be
• Borders should not interfere with

A

smooth and rounded
speech

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11
Q

Considerations for Maxillary
Major Connectors
• Borders are placed parallel to and a
minimum of – mm from
gingival margins

A

6

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12
Q

Considerations for Maxillary
Major Connectors
No relief required except where
crosses

A

gingival margin

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13
Q

Considerations for Maxillary
Major Connectors
Anterior borders follow valleys
between

A

rugae

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14
Q

Considerations for Maxillary Major Connectors
• Anterior & posterior borders cross
midline at — angle

A

right

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15
Q

Considerations for Maxillary Major Connectors
thickness of metal

A

uniform

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16
Q

Considerations for Maxillary Major Connectors
Borders beaded: — mm wide & deep

A

0.75-1.0

– Displaces soft tissue, seals border (helps
maintain tissue contact). Also, provides
additional strength (for maxillary major
connectors)

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17
Q

LOCATION
to avoid…
(9)

A

• Tissue impingement
• Ending on crests of
rugae
• Irritation of surface
eminences during
insertion / removal
• Ending on incisal 1/3
of anterior teeth
Food impaction
• Occlusal
interferences
• Speech
interference
• Gagging
• Tongue
irritation

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18
Q

LOCATION
to avoid…
• Tissue impingement
(3)

A

–6mm from gingival crest
(Maxillary)
–3mm from gingival crest
(Mandibular)
–Cross at right angles to
the gingival margins

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19
Q

MAXILLARY MAJOR
CONNECTOR SELECTION

A

• Palatal tori
• Anterior teeth
replacement
• Anterior teeth
stabilization
• Indirect retention
• Phonetics
• Patient attitudes
• Support
• Retention
• Stability
• Contingency
planning
• Occlusion

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20
Q

MAXILLARY MAJOR
CONNECTORS
(4)

A

Palatal Strap
Palatal Plate
Anterior-Posterior Strap
Horseshoe or “U”

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21
Q

Palatal Strap
- Indications -
(4)

A

• Tooth supported situations -
Class III
• Small posterior edentulous areas
• Minimal tissue
support required
• Patient preference

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22
Q

Palatal Strap
- Contraindications -
(5)

A

• Distal extension situations –
Class I or II
• Severe palatal undercuts
• Large torus
• RPD to replace anterior teeth
• When definitive support from
palatal tissue is required

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23
Q

Palatal Strap
- Advantages -
(2)

A

• Excellent support and rigidity
• Distribute stress of mastication
over a wider area

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24
Q

Palatal Strap
- Disadvantages -
(1)

A

• Coverage of palate may cause
discomfort and interference with
phonetics

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25
Palatal Strap - Location - (3)
• Anterior border follows valley between rugae at right angle to median suture • Posterior border at right angle to median suture • Confined to area bounded by four principle rests
26
Palatal Plate (3)
• Long-span distal extension RPDs with or without anterior tooth replacement • Flat residual ridges • Periodontally weakened abutments
27
Palatal Plate - Contraindications - (1)
• Severely undercut torus
28
Palatal Plate - Advantages - (2)
• Optimum support and rigidity • Increase retention due to increased interfacial surface tension
29
Palatal Plate - Disadvantages - (3)
• Can not be used with torus • Coverage of the palate may diminish taste, interfere with phonetics. • Difficult to cast
30
Palatal Plate - Location - (2)
• Anterior border between rugae valleys and at right angle to median suture • Posterior border : Extends to junction of soft and hard palate
31
Anterior-Posterior Palatal Strap - Indications - (2)
• Circumvent a torus • Strong, widely separated abutments (Distal extension RPDs; Distal extension RPDs also replacing anterior teeth)
32
Anterior-posterior Palatal Strap - Contraindications - (3)
• SOME maxillary designs due to narrow bulky straps • Patients with high narrow vaults • Phonetic interference
33
Anterior-posterior Palatal Strap - Advantages - (2)
• Structurally, very rigid - straps in 2 planes • Minimal tissue coverage
34
Anterior-posterior Palatal Strap - Disadvantages - (1)
• Large amount of border area to blend
35
Anterior-posterior Palatal Strap - Location - (2)
• Anterior/posterior straps – 6-8 mm • For palatal opening to be beneficial, the space between anterior & posterior straps should be 15 mms.
36
Anterior-posterior Palatal Strap - Location -Posterior strap (2)
– distal extension to vibrating line and extended through hamular notches – tooth supported not more posterior than distal abutment
37
Horseshoe or U-shaped - Indications - (4)
• **In very high vault palate ** • Large inoperable torus • Anterior tooth replacement • Patient is intolerant of palatal coverage
38
Horseshoe or U-shaped - Contraindications - (1)
• The Least Rigid maxillary connector, therefore ANYTIME another connector may be used
39
Horseshoe or U-shaped - Advantages - (2)
• Can be designed to replace missing anteriors • Conforms to patient’s previous experience
40
Horseshoe or U-shaped - Disadvantages - (3)
• Requires additional bulk for rigidity • Can interfere with patient’s tongue/speech • Even with rest, may lack support causing possible tissue impingement
41
Horseshoe or U-shaped - Location - (2)
• Anterior border: – terminates in valley of rugae at right angle to suture, or; – on the cingula of teeth extending contact point to contact point • Posterior border located at the turning point of the palate
42
BEADING OF THE MAXILLARY CAST
A prepared groove on the master cast along the designated borders of maxillary major connectors This produces a positive bead on the major connector of the RPD
43
BEADING OF THE MAXILLARY CAST - functions - (4)
• Increased rigidity • Guide for finishing • Compensates for casting inaccuracies • Displaces soft tissue, preventing food/fluid collection
44
BEADING OF THE MAXILLARY CAST - form - (4)
• 1/2 round • 1 mm deep and 1.5 mm wide • Feathers out to nothing 6 mm from free gingival margin • Shallower over mid-palatal suture
45
MANDIBULAR MAJOR CONNECTOR SELECTION
• Mandibular tori • Anterior tooth replacement • Indirect retention • Patient preference • Lingual frenum and floor of mouth position • Open embrasures between teeth • Overlapping of anteriors • Contingency planning
46
MANDIBULAR MAJOR CONNECTORS (3)
Lingual bar Lingual plate Labial bar
47
Lingual bar - Indications - (2)
• Whenever possible, if no contraindications are evident • A depth of at least 7 mm measured from the lowest point of the gingival margins to the floor of the mouth is required
48
Lingual bar - Contraindications - (7)
• Shallow floor of mouth and prominent frenum • Inoperable tori • Teeth in linguoversion • Teeth require stabilization • RPD requires additional stabilization • RPD requires benefit of additional indirect retention • Contingency planning
49
Lingual bar - Advantages - (1)
• Covers the minimum of the tissues
50
Lingual bar - Disadvantages - (1)
• It may be flexible if poorly constructed
51
Lingual bar - Location - (3)
• Superior border 3-4 mm inferior to free gingival margin • Inferior border at height of lingual sulcus with tongue slightly elevated • Bar height is 4-5 mm
52
Inferior Border Mandible (2)
• Patient lifts tongue –Activates floor of mouth • Measure from tip of probe to free gingival margin
53
Lingual plate - Indications - (5)
• Insufficient lingual vestibular space for lingual bar (less than 7 mm from gingival margins to the floor of the mouth) • Anticipated future replacement of anterior teeth • Indirect retention • Bilateral distal extension with flat residual ridges (Provide resistance against horizontal movements) • Presence of mandibular tori • Patient preference
54
Lingual plate - Contraindications - (6)
• Adequate depth to floor of the mouth for a bar • Prominent diastemas (large interdental spaces) • Severely anterior crowding • No additional requirement for indirect retention • Patient preference • Teeth in linguoversion
55
Lingual plate - Advantages - (1)
• More rigid than lingual bar
56
Lingual plate - Disadvantages - (4)
• Covers teeth and tissue • Compromised oral hygiene “possible increase enamel decalcification” • More metal to fit, more difficult to fit the framework • Esthetic with diastemas (however, can modify plate to overcome)
57
Lingual plate - Location - (3)
• Superior border contacts cingula of anterior teeth extending from contact point to contact point • Inferior border at height of alveolar lingual sulcus with tongue elevated • Must be supported by rests at terminal ends
58
Labial bar - Indications - (2)
• Lingually inclined anterior or posterior teeth • Prominent, superiorly located inoperable tori
59
Labial bar - Contraindications - (1)
Where tooth positioning will permit another connector
60
Labial bar- Advantages - (1)
Permits an RPD to be fabricated
61
Labial bar Disadvantages - (4)
Difficult to fabricate Must be bulky to be rigid Not esthetic Traps food in vestibular area
62
Labial bar - Location - (2)
• Superior border is at least 4 mm from buccal and labial free gingival margin • Inferior border is located at the junction of the attached and unattached mucosa
63
MINOR CONNECTOR
That component of a partial denture which joins the major connector with other parts of the framework
64
MINOR CONNECTOR - Types - • Joins ______________to the major connector (3)
– the clasp assembly – indirect retainers or auxiliary rests – the denture base • Serves as an approach arm for a vertical projection or bar type clasp
65
MINOR CONNECTOR - Functions - (4)
• Transfers functional stress to abutments • Transfers effect of retainers, rests and stabilizing components to the rest of the denture (abutment to prosthesis) • Unites retainers, rests and denture base to the major connector • Helps to resist lateral movement
66
MINOR CONNECTOR REQUIREMENTS • --- with minimal bulk • Located in --- • --- in shape • Thickest toward --- • Joins major connector at --- angle • --- to contact point • Smooth and rounded • Minimum of --- between vertical connectors
Rigid embrasure Triangular lingual right Tapers 5mm
67
MINOR CONNECTOR REQUIREMENTS • Cover minimal --- • Cross gingiva at --- angle • Must not impinge on --- • Contact ---- surfaces • Minimal interference with --- placement
gingival tissue right tissue guiding plane denture tooth
68
The proximal plate, which is the portion of the framework that
contacts the proximal side of the tooth, is also considered a minor connector.
69
Minor connectors are
strong and rigid parts of a removable partial denture and connect other units, such as rests, with the major connector.

RPD (22 decks)

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