Major Functions Of Nervous System Flashcards
What are the functions of the nervous system?
. Communication (signaling) and coordination
.seat of intellect and reasoning
.communicate with all body systems
What are he parts of the neuron?
Axon- (only one per cell) - major signal output structure - myelin sheath / insulation
Dendrites- major signal input structure
What are neuralgia
Superior cells of the nervous system -Schwann cells (form myelin sheath around axons)
What is a synaptic cleft/ synapse
The space between axon of one nerve cell and dendrites of another
Message go from one cell to the next
What are the sub divisions of the central nerves system (cns) vs. peripheral nervous system(pns)
. Central nervous system- brain spinal cord
. Peripheral- consist of 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 13 pairs of spinal nerves
Afferent/sensory vs. efferent/ motor
Afferent/sensory- take everything in sensory impulses
Efferent/motor- everything come out voluntary or involuntary reactions
What are 3 layers of meninges
Dura mater- superficial layer/outer that lines the inside of the skull very protective
Arachnoid mater- middle layer/ resembles a fine cob web (associated subarachnoid space- cerebral spinal fluid)
Pita mater- inner layer, cover the brain,consist of blood vessels(called the choroid plexus)& connective tissue
Why is CFS important?
What makes it?
Where can it be found?
Lives in the subarachnoid space
- acts as a shock absorber and a source nutrients, removes metabolic waste produced from the ( choroid plexus/ make CFS)
- blood brain barrier
- lumber puncture
What are the lobes of the cerebrum and what do they do?
Frontal lobe- motor cortex control the skeletal muscle,ability to problem solve,reason and analyze (voluntary movement)
Parietal lobe- language skills,choosing word to express thoughts( soma to sensory cortex) interpret sensory signals
Occipital lobe- interpret sense of vision(visual cortex)
Temporal lobe- interpret sense of hearing(auditory cortex)and smell(olfactory cortex)
Insula/insular lobe- interpret sense of taste (gustatory cortex) judging intensity of pain/hidden lobe of the cerebrum
What are the parts of the diencephalon and what do they do?
Located between cerebrum and midbrain
Thalamus- major sensory( relay of the brain for incoming ongoing nerve impulses)
Hypothalamus- controls the pituitary gland(motor gland of the body) thermostat,hunger and thirst center,sex drive ( lipids)
Pineal gland- melatonin ( makes you sleepy)
What the cerebellum does
Located behind the pons and below the cerebrum
Big reflex center for proprioception (ability to sense and detect where body parts are in space
Balance,posture coordinating muscle movement
What are parts of the brain stem and what do they do?
Midbrain- involved with pain suppression, visual and auditory reflexes
Pons- relay for signals between cerebrum and cerebellum has half of the respiratory center
Medulla ablongata- has the other half of the respiratory center and all the cardiac center and all the gasometer center (vessels)
(Vomitting,coughing,sneezing,swallowing reflexes)
What is limbic system
Emotional brain
What are sulci, gyri, gray matter, white matter, and myelin
Sulci- shallow part of cerebrum Gyri- elevated ridges between sulci Gray matter- inside cerebral cortex White matter-outside cerebral cortex Myelin- insulating sheath around many nerve fibers
What are the functions of the spinal cord?
What is paraplegia vs. quadrapelegia
Spinal cord- connects the brain to the rest of the body
Center for spinal reflexes
Paraplegia- legs are paralyzed
Quadrapelegia- are 4 limbs are paralyzed
