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Civilisation > Major dates in British History > Flashcards

Major dates in British History Flashcards

1
Q

1837-1901

A

Reign of Queen Victoria, marked by the expansion of the empire and by Puritanism (strictness and austerity in social and religious matters).

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2
Q

1838-48

A

The Chartists present petitions to Parliament, asking for universal male suffrage, vote by secret ballot, equal constituencies and the abolition of the need to own land to become an M.P. Rejected, and the movement dies down in 1850.

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3
Q

1851

A

The Great Exhibition : shows displays from countries all over the world, but mainly a presentation of the latest technological achievements of British engeneering.

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4
Q

1853-56

A

Crimean War : a conflict in which Russia lost to an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire and Sardinia. It involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land, which was controlled by the Ottoman Empire.

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5
Q

1859

A

Darwin’s Origin of Species about natural selection and the survival of the fittest.

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6
Q

1868

A

Creation of the Trades Union Congress.

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7
Q

1870

A

Education Act (primary education becomes free for all).

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8
Q

1872

A

Ballot Act (voting becomes secret).

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9
Q

1876

A

Queen Victoria becomes empress of India.

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10
Q

1899-1902

A

Boer War (in South Africa).

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11
Q

1900

A

Creation of the Labour Party.

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12
Q

1911

A

Parliament Act (the Lords lose their power of veto).

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13
Q

1914

A

Britain enters WWI.

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14
Q

1916

A

Easter Rising in Dublin : an armed insurrection in Ireland during Easter Week. The Rising was mounted by Irish republicans to end British rule in Ireland.

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15
Q

1919

A

Women obtain the right to vote, after much campaigning on the part of the suffragettes.

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16
Q

1921

A

Ireland is divided into two.

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17
Q

1926

A

General strike, the result of a period of industrial crisis and unemployment.

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18
Q

1928

A

Representation of the People Act: the vote is given to all men and women of 21 and above.

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19
Q

1929

A

Beginning of the Great Depression: bankruptcies and unemployment.

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20
Q

1936

A

Edward VIII becomes king, but abdicates the same year to marry an American divorcee.

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21
Q

1939

A

Britain declares war on Germany. Led by Winston Churchill, Britain shows courage and determination in the war against Nazi Germany.

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22
Q

1940

A

The Battle of Britain (air battles, Germany bombing strategic positions in Britain to prepare for an invasion); the Blitz (air raids on London). The war effort (rationing, women working in industry) helps to create a spirit of solidarity.

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23
Q

1942

A

Beveridge Report : an influential document in the founding of the Welfare State. It was chaired by William Beveridge, an economist, who identified five “Giant Evils” in society: squalor, ignorance, want, idleness, and disease.

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24
Q

1944

A

D-Day (allied forces land in France). The Butler Act makes school free and compulsory.

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25
Q

1945

A

VE-Day: end of WWII. The Labour government creates the Welfare State, which institutes the NHS, welfare payments, unemployment benefits and education for all.

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26
Q

1947-49

A

Many former colonies (such as India, Pakistan or Kenya) reach independence.

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27
Q

1949

A

The U.K. becomes a member of NATO.

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28
Q

1951-64

A

Conservative governments (Churchill, Eden, Macmillan, Home).

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29
Q

1956

A

Britain and France invade Egypt to regain the Suez canal, but have to pull out.

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30
Q

1964-70

A

Labour government (Wilson): the death penalty is abolished, the Abortion Act legalizes the termination of pregnancy, the Sexual Offences Act decriminalizes homosexuality and the Divorce Act liberalizes the divorce laws.

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31
Q

1969

A

Beginning of “The Troubles” in Northern Ireland.

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32
Q

1973

A

Britain and Ireland enter the Common Market.

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33
Q

1979

A

During the “winter of discontent”, many strikes paralyse Britain and eventually bring down James Callaghan’s Labour government.

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34
Q

1979-90

A

The first woman P.M., Margaret Thatcher (nicknamed the Iron Lady) introduces liberal policies.

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35
Q

1982

A

Falklands War, a conflict between Argentina and Britain after the Argentinians invaded the Falkland Islands. The war is short and won by Britain.

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36
Q

1984

A

A national miner’s strike (to protest against the closure of coal pits) lasts a year and is defeated.

37
Q

1994

A

The Channel Tunnel links Britain and France.

38
Q

1997

A

After Labour’s landslide victory, Tony Blair becomes PM. Breaking with the traditional Labour doctrines, Tony Blair calls his party New Labour. It is often described as a Third Way between left and right, between social democracy and neo-liberalism: it is based on pragmatism and defends family values and social justice within a competitive market.

39
Q

1999

A

Beginning of the reform of the House of Lords: hereditary peers will no longer be able to sit in the HoL, which will consist mainly of appointed members. A Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly are created, giving more direct decision-making power to the people of these regions.

40
Q

2001

A

After the 9/11 attacks, Britain supports the US’s war on terrorism.

41
Q

2002

A

Queen Elizabeth II’s Golden Jubilee.

42
Q

2003-4

A

Britain sends troops to Iraq.

43
Q

2005

A

Tony Blair is re-elected for a third term. Terrorist attacks cause huge explosions in London, killing 52 people. Britain’s unconditional support for the US begins to be questioned as troops fight and die in Iraq and as violence there keeps increasing.

44
Q

2007

A

Tony Blair stands down as PM and is replaced by Gordon Brown.

45
Q

Reign of Queen Victoria, marked by the expansion of the empire and by Puritanism (strictness and austerity in social and religious matters).

A

1837-1901

46
Q

The Chartists present petitions to Parliament, asking for universal male suffrage, vote by secret ballot, equal constituencies and the abolition of the need to own land to become an M.P. Rejected, and the movement dies down in 1850.

A

1838-48

47
Q

The Great Exhibition : shows displays from countries all over the world, but mainly a presentation of the latest technological achievements of British engeneering.

A

1851

48
Q

Crimean War : a conflict in which Russia lost to an alliance of France, Britain, the Ottoman Empire and Sardinia. It involved the rights of Christian minorities in the Holy Land, which was controlled by the Ottoman Empire.

A

1853-56

49
Q

Darwin’s Origin of Species about natural selection and the survival of the fittest.

A

1859

50
Q

Creation of the Trades Union Congress.

A

1868

51
Q

Education Act (primary education becomes free for all).

A

1870

52
Q

Ballot Act (voting becomes secret).

A

1872

53
Q

Queen Victoria becomes empress of India.

A

1876

54
Q

Boer War (in South Africa).

A

1899-1902

55
Q

Creation of the Labour Party.

A

1900

56
Q

Parliament Act (the Lords lose their power of veto).

A

1911

57
Q

Britain enters WWI.

A

1914

58
Q

Easter Rising in Dublin : an armed insurrection in Ireland during Easter Week. The Rising was mounted by Irish republicans to end British rule in Ireland.

A

1916

59
Q

Women obtain the right to vote, after much campaigning on the part of the suffragettes.

A

1919

60
Q

Ireland is divided into two.

A

1921

61
Q

General strike, the result of a period of industrial crisis and unemployment.

A

1926

62
Q

Representation of the People Act: the vote is given to all men and women of 21 and above.

A

1928

63
Q

Beginning of the Great Depression: bankruptcies and unemployment.

A

1929

64
Q

Edward VIII becomes king, but abdicates the same year to marry an American divorcee.

A

1936

65
Q

Britain declares war on Germany. Led by Winston Churchill, Britain shows courage and determination in the war against Nazi Germany.

A

1939

66
Q

The Battle of Britain (air battles, Germany bombing strategic positions in Britain to prepare for an invasion); the Blitz (air raids on London). The war effort (rationing, women working in industry) helps to create a spirit of solidarity.

A

1940

67
Q

Beveridge Report : an influential document in the founding of the Welfare State. It was chaired by William Beveridge, an economist, who identified five “Giant Evils” in society: squalor, ignorance, want, idleness, and disease.

A

1942

68
Q

D-Day (allied forces land in France). The Butler Act makes school free and compulsory.

A

1944

69
Q

VE-Day: end of WWII. The Labour government creates the Welfare State, which institutes the NHS, welfare payments, unemployment benefits and education for all.

A

1945

70
Q

Many former colonies (such as India, Pakistan or Kenya) reach independence.

A

1947-49

71
Q

The U.K. becomes a member of NATO.

A

1949

72
Q

Conservative governments (Churchill, Eden, Macmillan, Home).

A

1951-64

73
Q

Britain and France invade Egypt to regain the Suez canal, but have to pull out.

A

1956

74
Q

Labour government (Wilson): the death penalty is abolished, the Abortion Act legalizes the termination of pregnancy, the Sexual Offences Act decriminalizes homosexuality and the Divorce Act liberalizes the divorce laws.

A

1964-70

75
Q

Beginning of “The Troubles” in Northern Ireland.

A

1969

76
Q

Britain and Ireland enter the Common Market.

A

1973

77
Q

During the “winter of discontent”, many strikes paralyse Britain and eventually bring down James Callaghan’s Labour government.

A

1979

78
Q

The first woman P.M., Margaret Thatcher (nicknamed the Iron Lady) introduces liberal policies.

A

1979-90

79
Q

Falklands War, a conflict between Argentina and Britain after the Argentinians invaded the Falkland Islands. The war is short and won by Britain.

A

1982

80
Q

A national miner’s strike (to protest against the closure of coal pits) lasts a year and is defeated.

A

1984

81
Q

The Channel Tunnel links Britain and France.

A

1994

82
Q

After Labour’s landslide victory, Tony Blair becomes PM. Breaking with the traditional Labour doctrines, Tony Blair calls his party New Labour. It is often described as a Third Way between left and right, between social democracy and neo-liberalism: it is based on pragmatism and defends family values and social justice within a competitive market.

A

1997

83
Q

Beginning of the reform of the House of Lords: hereditary peers will no longer be able to sit in the HoL, which will consist mainly of appointed members. A Scottish Parliament and a Welsh Assembly are created, giving more direct decision-making power to the people of these regions.

A

1999

84
Q

After the 9/11 attacks, Britain supports the US’s war on terrorism.

A

2001

85
Q

Queen Elizabeth II’s Golden Jubilee.

A

2002

86
Q

Britain sends troops to Iraq.

A

2003-4

87
Q

Tony Blair is re-elected for a third term. Terrorist attacks cause huge explosions in London, killing 52 people. Britain’s unconditional support for the US begins to be questioned as troops fight and die in Iraq and as violence there keeps increasing.

A

2005

88
Q

Tony Blair stands down as PM and is replaced by Gordon Brown.

A

2007

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