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Agriculture > Major Crops > Flashcards

Major Crops Flashcards

1
Q

Rice

A

Staple food crop of India

Rank
- Second ( after China)

Season
-kharif

Rainfall
- above 100 cm , high humidity

Temperature
- high temperature, above 25°C

Major states

  • West Bengal( top)
  • UP, Punjab, Haryana
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2
Q

Which areas does rice grow the best in?

A
  • Plains of North and North-eastern India
  • Coastal areas
  • Deltaic regions
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3
Q

Wheat

A

Second most important cereal crop in India.
It is the main food crop, in the north and north-western part of the country.

Season
- Rabi.

Rainfall
- 50-75cm of annual rainfall every distributed over the growing season.

Temperature

  • Cool growing season.
  • Bright sunshine at the time of ripening.

Major states

  • UP(top)
  • Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan
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4
Q

Which are the two important Wheat-growing zones in India?

A
  • Ganga-Satluj plains in the north-west.

- Black soil region of the Deccan.

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5
Q

What are Millets? Their importance?

A

These are coarse grains.

  • They have very high nutritional value.
  • Examples- Jowar, Bajra and Rabi
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6
Q

Jowar

A

The third most important food crop in India with respect to area and production.

Geographical conditions
- It is a rain-fed crop mostly grown in the moist areas which hardly needs any irrigation.

Major states(4)
- Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
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7
Q

Bajra

A

Soil
- Sandy and shallow black

Major states
- Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Gujarat, UP, Haryana

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8
Q

Rabi

A

Ragi is very rich in iron, calcium, other micro nutrients and roughage.
It is a crop of dry regions

Soils
- Red, black, Sandy, loamy and shallow black

Major states
- Karnataka, TN, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jharkhand, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh

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9
Q

Maize

A

–> Used as both food and fodder

Season
- It is a Kharif crop but can be grown in the Rabi season ( as in Bihar)

Temperature
- 21 to 27°C

Soil
- Old alluvial

Increased production due to
- use of modern inputs

Major states
- Karnataka, UP, AP, Bihar, Telangana

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10
Q

Pulses

A

India is the largest producer as well as consumer of pulses in the world
These are a great source of protein.
Major pulses are:
Tur( Arhar), Moong, Urad, Masur, Peas and Gram.

Geographical conditions:
- They need less moisture and survive even in dry conditions.

Major states
- Madhya Pradesh, UP, Rajasthan, Karnataka

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11
Q

Why are pulses grown in rotation with other crops?

A

Being leguminous crops, all these crops, except arhar, help in restoring soil fertility by fixing nitrogen from the air.

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12
Q

Sugarcane

A

It is a tropical as well as a sub-tropical crop.

Rainfall
- 75 to 100cm

Temperature
- 21 to 27°C

Soils
- It can be grown on a variety of soils

Rank
- second( after Brazil)

It needs manual labour from sowing to harvesting.

Major states
- UP, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Punjab, Haryana

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13
Q

Sugarcane is the main source of ___ , ___ , ___ and ___

A

Sugar, molasses, gur and khandsarii

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14
Q

Oil seeds

A

Main oil seeds in India are
- Groundnut, linseed, sunflower, coconut, mustard, sesamum(til)

–> Most of these are edible and used as coming mediums

–> However, some of these are also used as raw material in the production of soap, cosmetics and ointments.

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15
Q

Tea

A
  • -> Plantation agriculture
  • -> Introduced by the British

Geographical conditions:

  • -> It is a tropical as well as sub-tropical crop
  • -> It needs deep and fertile well-drained soil, rich in humus and organic matter.
  • -> Tea bushes require warm and most frost-free climate, all through the year.
  • -> Frequent showers evenly distributed over the year ensure continuous growth of tender leaves.

Major states
- Assam, Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri districts, West Bengal

Rank
- Second ( after China)

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16
Q

Tea industry

A

Tea is a labour intensive industry.
It requires abundant, cheap and skilled labour.
Tea is processed within the tea garden to restore is freshness.

17
Q

Coffee

A

Indian coffee is known in the world for its good quality.
The Arabica variety, initially brought from Yemen, is produced in the country.
The variety is in great demand all over the world.

Major producers

  • Baba Budan hills
  • Nilgiris in Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.
18
Q

Horticulture

A

India was the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world, after China.
India is a producer of both tropical and temperate fruits.

19
Q

Rubber

A

It is an Equatorial crop.
But under special conditions, it is also grown in tropical and subtropical areas.

Rainfall
- above 200cm

Temperature
- above 25°C

Importance
- it is an important industrial raw material.
Used for manufacturing- tyres and tubes, footwears, belts etc.

Major states
- Kerala, Karnataka, TN, Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Rank
- India is ranked fourth among the world’s natural rubber producers.

20
Q

Which are the major fibre crops in India?

A

Silk, jute, cotton, hemp

21
Q

What is sericulture?

A

Rearing of silk worms for the production of silk fibre is known as sericulture.

22
Q

Cotton

A

India is believed to be the original home of the cotton plant
–>Cotton is the main raw material for the cotton textile industry.

Rank:
-Second (after China)

Geographical conditions

  • high temperature
  • light rainfall or irrigation
  • 210 frost free days
  • bright sunshine for its growth.

Season
- kharif

Cotton growing regions
- black soil of the Deccan plateau.

Major states
- Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh.

23
Q

Jute

A

Golden fibre

Geographical conditions

  • it grows well on well drained fertile soils in the flood plains where soils are renewed every year
  • high temperature is required during the time of growth.

Major states
West Bengal, Bihar, Assam

Uses
-making gunny bags, mats , ropes, yarn, carpets, and other artefacts.

Problems
- due to the high cost, it is losing market to synthetic fibres and packing materials, particularly the nylon.

Agriculture (2 decks)

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