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Ethics > Major Bioethical Issues > Flashcards

Major Bioethical Issues Flashcards

1
Q

The marriage of two people of the same gender

A

Same-sex marriage

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2
Q

What are the major bioethical issues

A

Same-sex marriage, Artificial Reproduction, Abortion, Euthanasia, Suicide, Data Privacy, Prohibited drug used as treatment, Stem cell treatment, Cloning, eugenics, genetically modified organisms, Cryogenics and Organ Transplant

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3
Q

What are the different types of artificial insemination?

A

IUI - intrauterine insemination
IVF - in vitro fertilization
ICI - intracervical insemination

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4
Q

It is a fertility treatment method used to deliver sperm directly to the cervix or uterus.

A

Artificial Reproduction/Insemination

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5
Q

Specialists wash the sperm and inject it into the uterus, where it fertilizes the eggs naturally. It is a less invasive procedure which involves fewer drugs

A

IUI - intrauterine insemination

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6
Q

Eggs are harvested, fertilized in the lab

A

In Vitro Fertilization

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7
Q

Sperm is inserted in the cervix.

A

Intracervical Insemination

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8
Q

The bleeding disorder of pregnancy

A

Abortion

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9
Q

The expulsion of fetus before the period of viability (fetus is less than 20 weeks of gestation or less than 500g)

A

Abortion

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10
Q

A stage in gestation when the human fetus can survive outside of the uterus

A

Viability

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11
Q

It originated from the Greek Word Thanatus which means easy or happy death.

A

Euthanasia

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12
Q

An easy or painless death or the intentional ending of the life of a person suffering from an incurable or painful disease at his or her request.

A

Euthanasia

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13
Q

the act or omission if a person intentionally brings about his or her death unless death is coerced or caused by conditions that are not specifically arranged by the agent.

A

Suicide

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14
Q

The right of a citizen to have control over how their personal information is collected and used.

A

Data privacy

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15
Q

The use of undifferentiated cells that can divide and differentiate into specialized cells.

A

Stem Cell treatment

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16
Q

They are the body’s raw material from which all other cells are generated.

A

Stem Cell treatment

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17
Q

A technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living things.

A

Cloning

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18
Q

Scientifically erroneous and immoral theory of racial improvement and planned breeding which garnered popularity during the early 20th century

A

Eugenics

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19
Q

Living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory.

A

Genetically Modified Organisms

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20
Q

The scientific method of freezing nearly-dead individuals to reincarnate or bring him back to life at a later period

A

Cryogenics

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21
Q

How many lives can one organ donor save?

A

8 lives

22
Q

What are the things that same sex couples cannot enjoy?

A
  1. adopting children
  2. labor benefits and privileges
  3. getting tax exemptions
  4. consenting to medical procedures
  5. visitation rights in hospital
23
Q

Involves handling eggs and sperms

A

Assisted Human Reproduction

24
Q

Embryo transfer

A

IVF ET

25
Q

Gamete Transfer

A

GIFT

26
Q

ZIFT

A

Zygote transfer

27
Q

Frozen Embryo Transfer

A

FET

28
Q

What are the complications of Assisted Human Reproduction?

A

having multiples
low birth weight
majority of the pregnancies are healthy

29
Q

What are the ethical dilemmas of AHR

A

Right to create or reproduce
moral status of the embryo
involve of the third party
the practice of surrogacy

30
Q

What are the factors that affect the success of AHR

A

A womans age
Use of fertility medications
Underlying Fertility Concerns

31
Q

What are the conditions of getting an AHR for men

A

Genetic defect and using donor sperm is preferred
low sperm count
low sperm motility

32
Q

conditions for woman to undergo AHR

A
  1. cervical mucus may not be favorable to getting pregnant
  2. history of endometriosis
  3. Single women or same sex couples
33
Q

It is also termed as mercy killing

A

Euthanasia

34
Q

Factors that may influence the moral acceptability of euthanasia

A
  • Their institutional responses
  • The relational impacts of their decisions
  • Their moral coherence with similar end-of-life decision
35
Q

a positive act of causing death-termination of pain and suffering.

A

Euthanasia by Commission

36
Q

a negative act causing death-termination of pain and suffering

A

Euthanasia by Omission

37
Q

What are the Arguments in favor of euthanasia

A
  1. An act of mercy
  2. Prolonging the suffering of a dying patient as an act of cruelty
  3. A dignified death
  4. Serves the interest of the patient
  5. Euthanasia is by the golden rule
38
Q

The undue prolongation of life and delay of the occurrence of natural death which in effect lengthens the suffering of the person

A

Dysthanasia

39
Q

What can decrease suicidal thoughts?

A

Being connected to the family and community support and having easy access to health care.

40
Q

When someone harms themselves with any intent to end their lives.

A

Suicide Attempt

41
Q

It is wrong because it violates our moral duty to honor the inherent value of human life.

A

Suicide

42
Q

The right of the citizen to have control over their personal information.

A

Data privacy

43
Q

It is a subset of privacy

A

Data protection

44
Q

What are the 8 rights on data privacy?

A

to be informed
to access
to object
to erasure or blocking
to damages
to file a complaint
to rectify
to data portability

45
Q

It is a well-known stimulant that can be used as a treatment for irritable bowel disease and other intestinal dysfunction

A

Cocaine

46
Q

Using this can help you kick off opiates. This is commonly use in palliative care.

A

Heroin

47
Q

Shrooms contain a psychedelic hallucinogen called psilocybin

A

Magic Shrooms

48
Q

Used for the treatment of alcoholism

A

LSD

49
Q

Pain relief for chronic illnesses and PTSD

A

Cannabis or marijuana

50
Q

What is the main issue with stem cells

A

Humans became the subject of the experiment.

51
Q

What are the ethical concerns in healthcare

A

allocation of funds
decision maker and recipient of the benefit
measurement of the success

52
Q

What is the bioethical issue of Cryogenics?

A
  1. Immorality
  2. Legitimacy
  3. UN’s Declaration of Human Rights article
  4. mistreatment of the human body

Ethics (4 decks)

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