Major Bioethical Issues Flashcards
The marriage of two people of the same gender
Same-sex marriage
What are the major bioethical issues
Same-sex marriage, Artificial Reproduction, Abortion, Euthanasia, Suicide, Data Privacy, Prohibited drug used as treatment, Stem cell treatment, Cloning, eugenics, genetically modified organisms, Cryogenics and Organ Transplant
What are the different types of artificial insemination?
IUI - intrauterine insemination
IVF - in vitro fertilization
ICI - intracervical insemination
It is a fertility treatment method used to deliver sperm directly to the cervix or uterus.
Artificial Reproduction/Insemination
Specialists wash the sperm and inject it into the uterus, where it fertilizes the eggs naturally. It is a less invasive procedure which involves fewer drugs
IUI - intrauterine insemination
Eggs are harvested, fertilized in the lab
In Vitro Fertilization
Sperm is inserted in the cervix.
Intracervical Insemination
The bleeding disorder of pregnancy
Abortion
The expulsion of fetus before the period of viability (fetus is less than 20 weeks of gestation or less than 500g)
Abortion
A stage in gestation when the human fetus can survive outside of the uterus
Viability
It originated from the Greek Word Thanatus which means easy or happy death.
Euthanasia
An easy or painless death or the intentional ending of the life of a person suffering from an incurable or painful disease at his or her request.
Euthanasia
the act or omission if a person intentionally brings about his or her death unless death is coerced or caused by conditions that are not specifically arranged by the agent.
Suicide
The right of a citizen to have control over how their personal information is collected and used.
Data privacy
The use of undifferentiated cells that can divide and differentiate into specialized cells.
Stem Cell treatment
They are the body’s raw material from which all other cells are generated.
Stem Cell treatment
A technique scientists use to make exact genetic copies of living things.
Cloning
Scientifically erroneous and immoral theory of racial improvement and planned breeding which garnered popularity during the early 20th century
Eugenics
Living organisms whose genetic material has been artificially manipulated in a laboratory.
Genetically Modified Organisms
The scientific method of freezing nearly-dead individuals to reincarnate or bring him back to life at a later period
Cryogenics
How many lives can one organ donor save?
8 lives
What are the things that same sex couples cannot enjoy?
- adopting children
- labor benefits and privileges
- getting tax exemptions
- consenting to medical procedures
- visitation rights in hospital
Involves handling eggs and sperms
Assisted Human Reproduction
Embryo transfer
IVF ET
Gamete Transfer
GIFT
ZIFT
Zygote transfer
Frozen Embryo Transfer
FET
What are the complications of Assisted Human Reproduction?
having multiples
low birth weight
majority of the pregnancies are healthy
What are the ethical dilemmas of AHR
Right to create or reproduce
moral status of the embryo
involve of the third party
the practice of surrogacy
What are the factors that affect the success of AHR
A womans age
Use of fertility medications
Underlying Fertility Concerns
What are the conditions of getting an AHR for men
Genetic defect and using donor sperm is preferred
low sperm count
low sperm motility
conditions for woman to undergo AHR
- cervical mucus may not be favorable to getting pregnant
- history of endometriosis
- Single women or same sex couples
It is also termed as mercy killing
Euthanasia
Factors that may influence the moral acceptability of euthanasia
- Their institutional responses
- The relational impacts of their decisions
- Their moral coherence with similar end-of-life decision
a positive act of causing death-termination of pain and suffering.
Euthanasia by Commission
a negative act causing death-termination of pain and suffering
Euthanasia by Omission
What are the Arguments in favor of euthanasia
- An act of mercy
- Prolonging the suffering of a dying patient as an act of cruelty
- A dignified death
- Serves the interest of the patient
- Euthanasia is by the golden rule
The undue prolongation of life and delay of the occurrence of natural death which in effect lengthens the suffering of the person
Dysthanasia
What can decrease suicidal thoughts?
Being connected to the family and community support and having easy access to health care.
When someone harms themselves with any intent to end their lives.
Suicide Attempt
It is wrong because it violates our moral duty to honor the inherent value of human life.
Suicide
The right of the citizen to have control over their personal information.
Data privacy
It is a subset of privacy
Data protection
What are the 8 rights on data privacy?
to be informed
to access
to object
to erasure or blocking
to damages
to file a complaint
to rectify
to data portability
It is a well-known stimulant that can be used as a treatment for irritable bowel disease and other intestinal dysfunction
Cocaine
Using this can help you kick off opiates. This is commonly use in palliative care.
Heroin
Shrooms contain a psychedelic hallucinogen called psilocybin
Magic Shrooms
Used for the treatment of alcoholism
LSD
Pain relief for chronic illnesses and PTSD
Cannabis or marijuana
What is the main issue with stem cells
Humans became the subject of the experiment.
What are the ethical concerns in healthcare
allocation of funds
decision maker and recipient of the benefit
measurement of the success
What is the bioethical issue of Cryogenics?
- Immorality
- Legitimacy
- UN’s Declaration of Human Rights article
- mistreatment of the human body
