major aspects and steps of inflammation?

Question 1

What are the major aspects and steps of inflammation?simple form

Answer 1

1. Cytokines and lipid mediators produced by macrophages cause dilation of local small blood vessels
2. Leukocytes move to periphery of blood vessels a result of increased expression of adhesion molecules by endothelium
3. Leukocytes extravasate at site of infection
4. Blood clotting occurs in microvesseles

Question 2

Proinflammatory cytokines and lipid mediators produced by tissue macrophages at the site of infection are early components of

Answer 2

inflammation.

Question 3

process of leukocytes, such as neutrophils and monocytes, out of the blood vessel and into the infected tissue

Answer 3

extraversion

Question 4

What is extraversion guided by

Answer 4

chemokines

Question 5

CXCL8 function

Answer 5

chemokine to attract neutrophils to site of infection

Question 6

What are Important cytokines and chemokines secreted by?

Answer 6

dendritic cells and macrophages in response to bacterial products:

Question 7

activate natural killer (NK) cells and favor the differentiation of CD4 T cells into the TH1 subset in adaptive immunity

Answer 7

IL-12:

Question 8

an inducer of a local inflammatory response that helps to contain infections. It also has systemic effects, many of which are harmful

Answer 8

TNF-a

Question 9

have a crucial role in inducing the acute phase response in the liver and inducing fever, which favors effective host defense in various ways.

Answer 9

IL-1, IL-6, and TNFa

Question 10

What are the steps of the process with which neutrophils are recruited to an inflamed tissue? Simple way

Answer 10

-1. They try to slow down called rolling adehsion
2. Try to bind (Tight binding)
3. After binding, tries to squeeze in (diapedesis)
4. Migration and finally neutrophils get to where the most bacteria is

Question 11

What are the steps of the process with which neutrophils are recruited to an inflamed tissue? complicated way

Answer 11

Rolling adhesion: reversible binding to vascular endothelium by interactions between selectins induced on the endothelial cells surface and their carbohydrate ligands (glycoproteins) on the neutrophil
Tight binding
Diapedesis: ○ Neutrophil squeezes between endothelial cells (to extravasate)LFA-1 and CR3 are required], uses CD31 for adhesion and MMP-9 to penetrate basement membrane
Migration-: Neutrophil migrates along a concentration gradient of chemokines (CXCL8) secreted by cells at site of infection

Question 12

Monocytes binds adhesion molecules at

Answer 12

vascular endothelium near site of infection and recieved chemokine signal.
The monocyte migrates into the surrounding tissue
Monocyte differentiates into inflammatory monocyte at the site of infection.