Major Acts Batch 2 Flashcards
1974 Section 8 Housing
Nixon era program, where recipients pay only 30% of income to housing. Main source of housing assistance to low income
1974 Housing and Community Development Act
CDBG program established. Replaced categorical grant with flexible, more discretionary money. Consolidation of urban renewal, model cities, and public facilities programs. Requires a housing assistance plan.
1975 Emergency Housing Act
Emergency federal relief for under and unemployed homeowners.
1975, Energy Policy Conservation Act
Established CAFÉ standards.
1976, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
Cradle to grave for hazardous waste, and gave EPA authority to control. Household hazardous waste is exempt.
1976, Toxic Substances Control Act
EPA ability to track industrial chemicals produced in, or imported to the U.S. EPA could ban anything high risk.
1977, Urban Development Action Grant
Site acquisition and clearance to facilitate economic development, and stressed public-private partnerships
1977, Community Reinvestment Act
Anti-discrimination, required bank regulators to evaluate whether lenders were providing finance products to economically depressed areas, meeting their funding needs. Meant to stop redlining.
1978, Urban Park and Recreation Recovery Act
$725 million for matching grants to renovate and imporve parks in low-income communities
1980, CERCLA
Superfund, taxed polluting industries to create fund for clean up. Required secondary containment for hazardous substances
1981, Farmland Protection Policy Act
Prevented federal programs from causing loss of farmland
1981, Land Evaluation and Site Assessment
Rating system that allowed local governments to assess farmland as suitable for continued agriculture
1982, Coastal Barrier Resources Act
Undeveloped barrier islands are not eligible for federal assistance for development
1984, Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
EPA to develop comprehensive regulatory program for storing hazardous waste. Owners of tank to prevent, detect and clean up releases
1986, Community Right to Know
Required certain industries to report type and amount of toxic substances generated.
1986 Low Income Housing Tax Credit
Created by Tax Reform Act of same year, funding for low and moderate income housing construction by non-profits. Sale of tax credits to investors and corporations. Republican alternative to HUD providing construction $
1987 Stewart McKinney Act
First major legislative response to homelessness. Provided assistance and established the continuum of care concept
1988, Robert Strafford Disaster Relief
Required 25% state and local match. Emphasized mitigation
1988 Fair Housing Act Amendment
Expanded scope to cover community residences and group homes, and discrimination on aged and disability (in addition to race and gender). HUD could file complaints, instead of just referring them to DOJ.
1990 ADA Act
required mass transit to be accesible to those with physical disabilities
1990 National Affordable Housing Act
Established the home ownership made easy (HOME) program. Matching federal funds to local gov. expenditures for low income housing needs. Requires a comprehensive affordable housing strategy.
1990, Clean Air Act amendments
after 20 years, created cap and trade for sulfur dioxide, allowed witholding of federal highway funds from metro areas that failed to meet air quality standards. Required SIP (state implementation plan) for areas not meeting the NAAQS
1990, Federal Forest Legacy Program
federal granst to states to preserve forest land
1991, Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act
required coordination between state DOTs and metro area MPOs for transportation and land use planning, air quality standards, earmarked funds for scenic byways and bike and pedestrian paths
1992 Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight
Established in HUD to provide regulatory oversight on Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac
1992 HOPE VI program
Replace large low quality affordable housing with smaller higher quality mixed income housing. Provided housing vouchers for public housing tenants to seek private options. Reduce de facto segregation
1992 Housing and Community Development Act
Section 202 expanded affordable housing WITH SERVICES for the elderly.
1994 Empowerment Zones
Federal funds made available to distressed urban areas, property and sales tax reductions, and low interest financing
1994 HUD Multifamily Housing Disposition Rule
Disposed of apartment buildings in government possession due to foreclosure
1996, Federal Farm and Ranchland Protection Program
Federal grants to states, local governments, and land trusts to preserve farm and ranch land
1996 Housing Opportunity Extension Act
Evicted individuals with drug /alcohol abuse or criminal records from public housing. Funding for habitat for humanity
1996, Telecommunications Act
First overhaul of telecommunications in 60 years. Increase competition. Telecom companies had pre-emption powers over local regulations, and eminent domain over private property
1996, Wetlands Reserve Program
voluntary program to get assistance with wetland issues on private land. Financial incentives to restore, enhance, protect wetlands
1998, Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century
replace intermodal surface transportation efficiency act. Focused on improving safety as traffic increased, economic growth through more efficient and flexible transport systems, transit as alternative to highway construction
2000, Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act
Prevented land use decisions that would impose substantial burden on religious communities or institutionalized people
2000 Manufactured Housing Improvement Act
Clinton era policy, established standards for manufactured homes, dispute resolution between manufacturers, installers, retailers for repair of defects.
2000, Disaster Mitigation Act
Reinforced need to mitigate hazards, and required state and local governments to prepare plans which are reviewed by FEMA. Post disaster plans are NOT guided by federal legislation
2002, Growing Smart Legislative Guidebook
APA publication, to update standard zoning enabling act and standard city planning enabling act
2002, bioterrorism Act
National preparedness plan for bioterrorism
