Maintenance of Healthy Skin

Question 1

Key structure in each skin and tissue layer:
A.  EPIDERMIS
B.  BMZ
C.  DERMIS
D.  SC TISSUE
E.  FASCIA & MUSCLE

Answer 1

A.  Epidermis (no blood vessels)
Sublayers: stratum corneum - germinativum
Melanocyte
Nerve endings/receptor
Rete ridges 
Skin immune system
B.  BMZ (dermal-epidermal junction)
C.  Dermis (papillary dermis - reticular dermis)
Fibroblast (makes collagen/elastin)
MØ, mast cells, nerve cells, epidermal appendages (lined w/ epidermal cells- hair follicles, sebaceous glands, sweat glands)
D.  Subcutaneous Tissue
E.  Fascia & Muscle

Question 2

Know which structure can regenerate and which must heal by scar formation

Answer 2

Regeneration: Epidermis (2-4 weeks)

Fascia & Muscle, deep dermal structures - do not reproduce (ischemia)

Question 3

Know differences in infant skin and elderly skin - know factors that make elderly individuals more prone to skin breakdown

Answer 3

Fetal (2nd tri - scarless healing)
Neonatal permeable, high TEWL
Infant
Adult
Elderly (thinner, collagen shrinks - wrinkles, decreased sebaceous/sweat glands, decreased sensory receptor/SQ/senescence

Question 4

Know strategies for keeping skin healthy

Answer 4

pH balanced cleansers (no alkaline soaps)
disposable bath systems
EMOLLIENTS rehydrates
[mineral oil, petrolatum, lanolin, dimethicone]
HUMECTANTS attract H20, for dry skin
[glycerin, urea, propylene glycol, lachydrin, alpha hydroxy acids - Attractain

Question 5

Know which soft tissue lay in most susceptible to ischemic damage

Answer 5

Muscle and Fascia

Question 6

Derm terms:

a. macule/patch
b. papule/plaque
c. vesicle/bulla
d. erythema/erythematous
e. denuded/denudation
f. crusting
g. granulation
h. slough
i. eschar
j. eschar
k. undermining
l. tunneling

Answer 6

a. macule/patch - flat 1cm (birthmark)
b. papule/plaque
c. vesicle/bulla
d. erythema/erythematous
e. denuded/denudation
f. crusting
g. granulation
h. slough
i. eschar
j. eschar
k. undermining
l. tunneling