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Anesthesia > Maintenance of Anesthesia > Flashcards

Maintenance of Anesthesia Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of a good Inhalant Agent

A

Minimal toxicity or adverse effects
Minimal Waste gas
No dependance on liver
low cost

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2
Q

Halogenated Organic Compounds are

A

Isoflurane and Sevoflurane

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3
Q

Facts about Isoflurane

A

Most commonly used
Safer and faster
Very to little retainment
No analgesia
Mildly irritating to MM

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4
Q

Facts about Sevoflurane

A

Normally used in human med
Fast induction
No liver metabolism required
No analgesia
No MM irritation
Expensive

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5
Q

What is Vapour Pressure

A

Is the measure of the tendency of a molecule to escape the liquid phase to enter the vapour/gas phase

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6
Q

what is MAC or Mean Alveolar Concentration

A

the lowest concentration that produces no response to painful stimulus in 50% of patients exposed

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7
Q

If Low MAC…

A

is a more potent agent (a small amount is required to give anesthesia)

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8
Q

If High MAC

A

a less potent agent (higher amount of agent is required to give anesthesia)

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9
Q

The Influences on MAC

A

age of animal
concurrent illnesses
other depressant meds

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10
Q

———- MAC produces surgical depth of anesthesia

A

1.5 MAC

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11
Q

——— MAC produces deep anesthesia

A

2x MAC

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12
Q

Vapour Pressure (VP)

A

Determines the max concentration that may be delivered

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13
Q

Cardiopulmonary function monitoring

A

HR
Heart rhythm
BP
CRT

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14
Q

3 Main body systems are monitored :

A

Cardiovascular System
Respiratory System
Temperature

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15
Q

The Frequency of monitoring Depends on :

A

patient
procedure
Minimum every 5 mins

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16
Q

ASA I Risk

A

Minimal Risk
Normal healthy animal
no underlying disease

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17
Q

ASA II Risk

A

slight risk
Minor disease present
Animal with slight to mild systemic disturbances
Neonate or Geriatric animals, Obese

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18
Q

ASA III Risk

A

Moderate risk, obvious disease present
Anemia, Mod dehydration, Fever, low grade heart mumur or cardiac disease

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19
Q

ASA IV Risk

A

High risk, significantly compromised by disease
Animals with pre-existing disease
Severe dehydration, shock, uremia, or toxemia, pulmonary disease

20
Q

ASA V Risk

A

Extereme risk, moribund
Surgery often preformed, animal with life threatening disease

21
Q

What can happen if we don’t monitor

A

Feel pain
Awaken
Overdose
Prolonged recovery
Permanent effects
DEATH

22
Q

How do we monitor cardiovascular function

A

Stethoscope
Esophageal stethoscope
Direct palpation
ECG
CRT
MM assessment
Blood pressure measurement

23
Q

Heart rate and Rhythm When to be alarmed

A

Arrhythmias (disturbances in rhythm)
Tachycardia (high heart rate)
Bradycardia (low heart rate)
Asystole (NO HEART RATE)

24
Q

Prolonged CRT means

A

Vasoconstriction
Low blood pressure
Decreased blood volume
Hypothermia
Excessive anesthetic depth
Shock
Cardiac failure

25
Q

What is Cyanosis

A

blue colouring
Reduced O2 to blood and tissues

26
Q

What is icteric

A

Yellow colouring
Liver of renal disorder
bleeding disorder
toxicity

27
Q

What is Hypotension

A

low blood pressure

28
Q

What is Hypertension

A

Elevated blood pressure

29
Q

Hypotension during anesthesia may indicate

A

Excessive anesthetic depth
Excessive vasodilation
Cardiac insufficiency
Excessive blood loss

30
Q

Hypertension during anesthesia may indicate

A

Pain
Stress
Light plane of anesthesia
Renal disease

31
Q

What is Systolic Pressure

A

Pressure produced by the contraction of ventricles and the movement of blood through the aorta and the major arteries
highest pressure

32
Q

What is Diastolic Pressure

A

Pressure the remains when heart is resting, between contractions
lowest pressure

33
Q

What is MAP (Mean arterial pressure)

A

The average pressure through the cardiac cycle

34
Q

Normal systolic pressure in a cat or dog

A

120mmHg or 90 - 160

35
Q

Normal diastolic pressure in a cat or dog

A

80mmHg or 50 - 90

36
Q

Normal MAP

A

Awake = 90 - 100mmHg
Anesthetized = 70 - 90mmHg

37
Q

Blood pressure values dependant on :

A

age
species
breed

38
Q

MAP values below 70mmHg indicate

A

Reduced blood flow to internal organs and tissues

39
Q

Body heat loss is the Greatest

A

in the first 20 minutes

40
Q

Normal temp

A

37.5 - 39.5

41
Q

Factors contributing to temp loss include

A

shaving or prep
Alcohol based solutions
cant move or shiver
decreased metabolic rate
drugs

42
Q

Hypothermic patients are

A

more susceptible to anesthetic agents
inhalant requirements may drop
slower metabolism or drugs
prolonged recovery

43
Q

Body temp is too high due to

A

pain
light plane
stress
fever
systemic infections

44
Q

Stage 1 of anesthetic depth

A

animal conscious but disoriented
show reduced sensitivity to pain
HR and RR are normal or increased
reflexes all present

45
Q

Stage 2 of anesthetic depth

A

reflexes present
dilated pupils
may have irregular breathing patterns
may exhibit involuntary excitement

46
Q

Stage 3 of anesthetic depth

A

subdivided into 3 planes
respiratory pattern starts to become regular
eyeball position starts to rotate ventrally
partially constricted pupils
depressed reflexes

47
Q

Stage 4 of anesthetic depth

A

cessation of respiration
severe cardiovascular depression
dilated pupils

Anesthesia (2 decks)

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