Maintaining A Balance Flashcards
What is activation energy?
The energy required for a reaction to take place, enzymes lower the activation energy required.
What is a substrate?
The reactant in an enzyme catalysed reaction.
What is the chemical nature of enzymes?
Enzymes are proteins which means that they are amino acids bonded to form polypeptides, these polypeptides(either one or more) compose a protein by folding into a3-dimensional shape. Enzymes also posses an active site.
Models used to describe specificity of enzymes?
Lock and key(rigid active site)/induced fit(flexible active site)
What are Cofactors?
Inorganic ions that help enzymes to act.
what r coenzymes?
Organic molecules which help enzymes to act.
Effect of temperature on Enzymes activity?
Enzymes have an optimum temperature where they can act at their maximum capacity, if the temperature increase they undergo denaturation if it’s extreme, and become sluggish if it’s to cold.
What is denaturation?
Ii when heat breaks the peptide bonds the hold the amino acids together, rendering the active inactive and the 3-dimensional shape of the protein is lost.
What is pH?
Hydrogen ion concentration.
What is the effect of pH on enzyme activity?
Enzymes have a. Limited pH range which they are active in , outside of this the the enzymes molecules are distorted and the activity is reduced.
What is the effect of Substrate concentration on enzymes?
Substrate concentration increase to create a saturation point, enzyme activity will not increase beyond this point.
What is the role of Enzymes in the metabolism?
To accelerate the metabolic pathway by lowering the activation energy of each reaction at each stage. This allows the synthesis of compound to be quicker, feedback loops often control enzymes to meet the needs of the organism’s metabolism.
Word equation for cellular respiration?
Glucose + oxygen results in carbon dioxide + Water + ATP Reaction works by the oxidation of glucose which is catalysed by the enzyme hexokinase to create the product water, carbon dioxide and ATP.
What is hexokinase?
The enzymes that catalyses cellular respiration.
What is homeostasis?
The maintenance of a constant internal environment.
