Main Strands of Liberalism Flashcards
What is meant by “radical politically”?
Government by consent promoted the idea that government should represent the will of the people rather than be the master of the people
What is meant by “radical in gender terms (classical liberals)”?
The optimistic view that humans are rational was extended by a few classical liberals such as Mary Wollstonecraft, to include women as well.
What is meant by “egotistical individualism”?
Humans are self-seeking, rational and independent. However this includes practising restraint and some level of cooperation with others. Society is compromised individuals rather than social groups.
What is meant by “negative freedom”?
A concept of liberty meaning the absence of restraint. Humans can peruse their own idea of freedom. The state only intervene to prevent the harming of others
What did Isiah Berlin say about negative freedom?
“Freedom from” rather than “freedom to”
What is meant he the “night-watchman” state?
The state must protect “the peace, safety and public good of the people” -John Locke. It only has the right to impose its power on the basis of the “harm principle” in order to ensure the widest possible freedom.
What is meant by “the harm principle”?
John Stuart-Mill argues the government can only place its power over the people in order to prevent people from hurting others.
What is meant by “free market capitalism”?
The economy is based around property rights, can deliver prosperity for the individual and society providing there is free trade and competition. The state must not interfere by using tax or subsidies or promoting monopolies.
