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Pharmacology Exam 2 (Lauren) > Main Points > Flashcards

Main Points Flashcards

1
Q

What classes of drugs increase QT interval?

A

Macrolides

Fluoroquinolones

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2
Q

What are the major side effects of Fluoroquinolones?

A

QT interval

Cartilage erosion

Tendon rupture

Photosensitivity

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3
Q

What drug classes cause photosensitivity?

A

Fluoroquinolones

Tetracyclines

Sulfa

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4
Q

What drug is indicated for prostatitis?

A

Ofloxacin

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5
Q

What is the spectrum of metronidazole?

A

Anaerobes only

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6
Q

What drugs are contraindicated in patients with G6PDase deficiency?

A

Sulfa drugs

Nitrofurantoin

(Both can cause aplastic anemia

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7
Q

What are the side effects of Sulfa drugs?

A

Aplastic anemia if you are G6PDase deficient

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

Photosensitivity

Hypersensitivity-6% of population

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8
Q

What drug class is contraindicated for kids under 8

A

Tetracycline

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9
Q

What drug class is contraindicated in patients under 18?

A

Fluoroquinolones

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10
Q

What drug class is contraindicated for babies under 2 months of age?

A

Sulfa

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11
Q

What drugs should be used for UTIs (In order)

A

Bactrim (1st attack)

Ciprofloxacin

Fosfomycin

Nitrofurantoin

Methenamine

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12
Q

What drug classes bind to the 30s subunit?

A

Aminoglycosides

Tetracyclines

Tigecycline

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13
Q

What are the side effects of tetracyclines?

A

Gut flora changes

Bone growth inhibition

Tooth discoloration

Photosensitivity

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14
Q

What drugs do you have to stop taking multivitamins, calcium supplements and antacids for?

A

Tetracyclines

Fluoroquinolones

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15
Q

What drugs have a disulfiram-like reaction?

A

Cephalosporins

Metronidazole

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16
Q

What are the side effects of cephalosporins?

A

FUCKS UP KIDNEYS (renal tubular necrosis)

Superinfection

Disulfiram-like reaction

Allergy- 10% cross reactivity with PCN allergy

Diarrhea

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17
Q

What organisms are resistant to tetracyclines?

A

Psuedomonas

Proteus

B. Fragilis

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18
Q

What are the fluoroquinolones and what are they for?

A

Ciprofloxacin- UTI, psuedomonas

Ofloxacin- prostate

Levofloxacin- Community acquire pneumonia

Moxifloxacin- anaerobes

Gatifloxacin- eyes

Gemifloxacin- anaerobes

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19
Q

Does aztreonam cover pseudomonas?

A

Yes

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20
Q

Do imipenem and meropenem cover pseudomonas?

A

Yes (in combo with aminoglycoside)

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21
Q

Do aminoglycosides cover pseudomonas?

A

Yes, gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin.

Always in a combo

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22
Q

Does ciprofloxacin cover psuedomonas?

A

Yes

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23
Q

Does methenamine cover pseudomonas?

A

Yes

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24
Q

What are the inhibitors of protein synthesis that are cidal

A

Aminoglycosides

Synercid

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25
Q

What are the DOCs for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?

A

Doxycycline

Chloramphenicol

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26
Q

What are the DOCs for Lyme disease?

A

Tetracycline

Ceftriaxone

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27
Q

What are the side effects of aminoglycosides?

A

Ototoxicity

Nephrotoxicity

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28
Q

What is the spectrum of fluoroquinolones?

A

Ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and gatifloxacin cover aerobes

Moxifloxacin and gemifloxacin cover anaerobes

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29
Q

What is the spectrum of aminoglycosides?

A

Aerobic G-

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30
Q

What is the spectrum of macrolides?

A

Same as Penicillin G

G+….which makes it a great choice for someone with a PCN allergy as long as they are immunocompetent

31
Q

What is the spectrum of telithromycin

A

Broad spectrum

32
Q

What is the spectrum of mupirocin?

A

Broad spectrum

33
Q

What is the spectrum of the polypeptides (polymyxin)

A

G-

34
Q

What is the spectrum of Clindamycin?

A

Broad spectrum

-used for osteomyelitis and TSS

35
Q

What is the spectrum of sulfa drugs?

A

Broad spectrum

36
Q

What is the spectrum of daptomycin?

A

G+

37
Q

What is the spectrum of synercid?

A

Multi drug-resistant aerobic G+

38
Q

What is the spectrum of linezolid?

A

Aerobic G+

39
Q

What is the spectrum of chloramphenicol?

A

Broad spectrum

But super toxic

40
Q

What is the spectrum of tetracyclines?

A

Broad spectrum

Except pseudomonas, proteus, and b.fragilis

41
Q

What is the spectrum of tigecycline?

A

Broad spectrum

42
Q

What is the spectrum of 1st gen cephalosporins?

A

Mostly G+ some G-

43
Q

What is the spectrum of 2nd gen cephalosporins

A

some G+, more G-

44
Q

What is the spectrum of 3rd gen cephalosporins?

A

G+/G- - - plus Ceftazidime will do pseudomonas

45
Q

What is the spectrum of 4th gen cephalosporins (cefapime)

A

Very broad spectrum

46
Q

What is the spectrum of 5th gen cephalosporins (ceftaroline)

A

Broad spectrum

No pseudomonas

MRSA and VRSA***** (only B-lactam)

47
Q

What is the spectrum of aztreonam?

A

Aerobic G-

48
Q

What is the spectrum of carbapenems?

A

Broad spectrum

Pseudomonas, except for ertapenem

49
Q

What is the spectrum of vancomycin?

A

G+

50
Q

What is the spectrum of fosfomycin?

A

Broad spectrum

51
Q

What is fosfomycins mechanism of action?

A

Inhibits one of the very first steps of cell wall synthesis, which is reducing NAG to NAM.

52
Q

What is fosfomycin used for?

A

Lower UTI in women after Bactrim or Cipro has been tried

53
Q

What is the spectrum of bacitracin?

A

G+

54
Q

What is the spectrum of natural penicillins?

A

G+

55
Q

What is the spectrum of penicillinase-resistant penicillins?

A

G+/G-

MSSA

56
Q

What is the spectrum of extended spectrum penicillins?

A

G+/G- -

No pseudomonas

57
Q

What is the spectrum of antipseudomonal penicillins?

A

G+/G- - -

Pseudomonas

58
Q

What is the spectrum of nitrofurantoin?

A

Broad spectrum

No proteus or pseudomonas

59
Q

What is the spectrum of methenamine?

A

All bacteria

60
Q

Are aminoglycosides oral?

A

No, always parenteral

61
Q

Are aminoglycosides given alone?

A

No, always in combo with other drugs.

62
Q

What drugs are unsafe for pregnant women?

A

Nitrofurantoin

Sulfa

Fluoroquinolones

Bactrim

Tetracyclines

63
Q

What drug classes bind to the 50s protein?

A

Macrolides

Ketolides (telithromycin)

Clindamycin

Synercid

Linezolid

Chloramphenicol

64
Q

Is chloramphenicol static or cidal?

A

Static

It is an inhibitor of protein synthesis

65
Q

What are the classes that inhibit cell wall synthesis?

A

Penicillins

Cephalosporins

Carbapenems

Monobactams (aztreonam)

Vancomycin

Fosfomycin

Bacitracin

66
Q

Which macrolide has the lowest drug interaction potential?

A

Azithromycin

67
Q

Which macrolide has the highest potential for GI effects?

A

Erythromycin

68
Q

Which macrolide has the least potential for GI effects?

A

Clarithromycin

69
Q

Which macrolide has the most effect on QT interval?

A

Azithromycin

70
Q

Is Bactrim cidal?

A

It is static, except for in the urinary tract, where it is cidal

71
Q

Is imipinem cidal?

A

Yes it is a carbapenems, an ICWS

72
Q

Is fosfomycin cidal?

A

Yes, it inhibits cell wall synthesis at a very early step (turning NAG to NAM)

73
Q

What drug is used for anthrax prophylaxis?

A

Ciprofloxacin

Poor post man might rupture his tendon walking around delivering mail

Pharmacology Exam 2 (Lauren) (7 decks)

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