MAIN PATHOLOGY Flashcards
How do you get an accurate blood pressure reading?
20-30 readings
ABPM (continuous monitoring)
HBPM (Device patient uses to monitor BP at different points in the day)
Two funny types of hypertension
White coat (High with the Dr high the normal of the time) Masked hypertension (Normal with Dr high the rest of the time)
How do you deicide if you should treat hypertension ?
Calculate ASSIGN risk (risk of major cardiac event in next 10 years) if risk is over 10% in next 10 years then treat.
What is stage 1 hypertension?
BP is or is > than 140/90
or ABPM daytime average of 135/85
What is stage 2 hypertension?
BP is or is > than 160/100
or ABPM is 150/95
What is stage 3 hypertension?
BP is or is > than 180/120
What is primary hypertension?
Cause cannot be found
What is secondary hypertension?
Cause can be found (more common in younger people)
- Blockage
- Retention of sodium
Treatment of hypertension
Under 55s = ACEI / ARB
Over 55 or African Caribbean family origin = CCB or thiazide
if not working add thiazide to a CCB or ACEI/ARB.
If not working combine ACEI/ CCB and thiazide which is very powerful and will almost always work.
How should stage 1 hypertension be treated?
Antihypertensive to <80s with organ damage, established cardiovascular disease, renal disease or diabetes.
How should stage 2 hypertension be treated?
anyone is offered a antihypertensive
Common ACEIs
Ramipril
Perindopril
Don’t give if patient has renal failure.
Common CCBs
Amlodipine
Felodipine
cause headaches, ankle oedema.
Warning with Thiazide
DO NOT GIVE TO PRENGANT PEOPLE or any women in child bearing age
What is atherosclerosis
Formation of plaques in the blood vessels
