Main Idea Of Theories Flashcards
Biological theories
Biological and physiological processes
- genes
- hormones
- neurotransmitters
Genetic
Emphasizes the genetic origins of human behaviour
Epigenetic
The ENVIRONMENT and LIFE EXPERIENCES have immediate and long term effects on GENE EXPRESSION —> HUMAN BEHAVIOUR/HEALTH
Evolutionary
The GENETIC MAKEUP of populations changes OVER GENERATIONS by traits that are favourable to survive and reproduce
Psychoanalytic
Adult behaviour and feelings stem from CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES
Freuds psychosexual
Personality develops in 5 stages from birth to adolescence
Each stage theres a need for PHYSICAL PLEASURE on a diff part of the body
Erikson’s psychosocial theory
Personality develops through 8 LIFES CRISES across the lifespan
A person finishes each crises with either a POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE outtake on life
Humanistic
Emphasizes the basic GOODNESS OF HUMAN BEINGS
Each ind has a unique potential and and inborn will to achieve self actualization
Maslow’s theory of Motivation
One is motivated to satisfy a range of PHYSICAL SOCIAL and PSYCHOLOGICAL needs to achieve self actualization
Roger’s theory of the self
Emphasizes an individuals RESPONSIBILITY in furthering ones SELF GROWTH
Behavioural
Behaviour is determined by the environment through CONDITIONING
- observable behaviour
- empirical data collected through controlled observation
Pavlov’s classical conditioning
Learning happens when NEUTRAL stimuli become so strongly associated with NATURAL STIMULI they elicit the SAME RESPONSE
Eg. DOG salivating to FOOD (nat)
DOG salivating to BELL (neut)
Skinner’s operant conditioning
Development involves behaviour changes that are shaped by REINFORCEMENT AND PUNISHMENT
Cognitive
Behaviour can be explained based off HOW THE MIND OPERATES
Memory
Thinking
Problem solving
Piagets theory of Cog Development
Reasoning develops in 4 universal stages in each STAGE the child develops a NEW SCHEME TYPEu
1 sensorimotor
2 pre operational
3 concrete operational
4 formal operational
Info processing theory
Human cog functioning
ENCODING
STORAGE
RETRIEVAL
Vygotskys sociocultural
Cog dev
Is strengthened by social interaction and guided tasks
SCAFFOLDING
REGION OF PROXIMAL DEVELOPMENT
Banduras social cognitive theory
People learn from models
We SHAPE OUR ENVIRONMENT
and OUR ENVIRONMENT SHAPES US
Systems
Provides and INTERDISCIPLINARY PERSPECTIVE to the study of human development
Both humans and their environments are DYNAMIC
Bronfenbrenner’s BioECOLOGICAL THEORY
Human development is a product of VARIABLES INTERACTING OVER TIME
Shonkoffs ecobiodevelopment theory
Science based approach towards creating EARLY CHILDHOOD POLICY PRACTICES AND INTERVENTIONS aimed at HP AND DP
