Main Group Memorization

Question 1

Hydrogen

Answer 1

nonmetal
-colorless, odorless, tasteless
- escapes earths atmosphere easily
- liquid at 20K
- very abundant (89%)
- low london dispersion forces

Question 2

Beryllium

Answer 2

• small and hard
• high Ionization Energy
• high MP
• unreactive towards air and water
• perpendicular planes

Question 3

calcium

Answer 3

• can become acidic
• hardwater, chalk, sand, gravel, limestone, etc

Question 4

Barium

Answer 4

-opaque to x-rays

Question 5

Isocagens (group 13)

Answer 5

• common ox states: +1 and +3 (inert pair effect)
• relatively soft
• good conductors and relatively reactive
• forms dimers

Question 6

Aluminum (group 13)

Answer 6

forms jems!!
-most abundant metal in earths crust
- great reducing agent
-strong light metal

Question 7

Tin

Answer 7

+2, +4 = common ox states
- alloys (solders, pewter, wining, storing food)

Question 8

Lead (Pb)

Answer 8

+2, +4 = common ox states
- Batteries (storage - lead acid), ammo, pipes
- poisonous (lead poisoning)

Question 9

helium

Answer 9

• escapes earths atmosphere easy (very light)
• good dilutent
• very fluid (moves quickly)

Question 10

neon

Answer 10

-interesting colors under light
- odorless, colorless

Question 11

argon

Answer 11

• 3rd most common element in air
• radioactive dating, welding

Question 12

krypton

Answer 12

• product of fission
• used to measure nuclear activity

Question 13

xenon

Answer 13

• lamps
• can be reactive (easily oxidized)

Question 14

halogens

Answer 14

• “X”
• diatomic in natural state
• oxyacids = halogens bonded to oxygen
  (mixed halogens, polyhalides, teflon, CFC, and PVC)

Question 15

Oxygen

Answer 15

-ozone (O3)
-Oxides (-2 (normal), -1 (peroxides), -1/2(superoxides))

Question 16

sulfur

Answer 16

• yellow and stinky
• lots of allotropes
• hair (s-s bonds)
• rotting eggs, skunks, warfare

Question 17

Nitrogen

Answer 17

-2nd high bond dissociation energy
- used for inertness (displaces oxygen)
- decompose exothermically and fast
- large volume expansion
- TNT, fertilizer, laughing gas

Question 18

Phosphorus

Answer 18

• 3 allotropes (black, white, and red)
• +3, +5 = common ox states
• forms oxides in oxygen
• oxides for acids in water
• biological compounds (ATP + ADP) and fertilizer

Question 19

Carbon

Answer 19

strong bonds
- cyclin/acyclic structure
- single or multiple bonds
- allotropes (graphite, diamond (most hard), buckninisterfullerness

Question 20

silicon

Answer 20

• main component in geology
• found in glass
• si-si bond
• component of dust and sand

Question 21

Geranium

Answer 21

• Ge +Si = used in semiconductor industry
• common ox: +2, +4
• similar to Sn and Si

Question 22

Boron

Answer 22

+ 3 = common ox state
diborane (dimer)
- behaves more like silicon than aluminum.
- hard, brittle, not very reactive
- dopant in semiconductor industry