Main group elements Flashcards
Alkali metals 5 properties
- Excellent reducing agents
- Weak metallic bonding due to distance of valence electron from nucleus
- unusually soft and can be cut with a knife
- lower density than most metals
- they form superoxides at larger atomic size
How do Alkali metals react with water
2M(s) +H2O—> 2M (aq) + 2OH- + H2(g)
Properties of alkaline earth metals
- basic solutions
- melt at extremely high temperatures
- Strong reducing agents
- very reactive
How do alkaline earth metals react with water?
they reduce water to form H2 gas
Boron family properties
All boron compounds are covalent!! Also something about hydride bridge bond
Pnictogens
-group 15
Nitrogen properties
a diatomic gas with a very low boiling point due to weak intermolecular forces
Phosphorous properties
exists mostly as a tetrahedral P4 molecule. Has stronger dispersion forces than N2, thus slightly higher boiling point
What are allotropes???
different crystalline or molecular forms of the same element
Chalcogens??? WHAT ARE THOOOSE
group 16 elements
Chalcogen properties????
- Halides are formed by direct combination of a halogen and a chalcogen
- Oxygen forms two hydrides: Water and hydrogen peroxide.
Halogen properties
- Very reactive
- oxidizing agents
- display a wide range of electronegativities, but all behave as nonmetals
- A halogen will either gain one electron to form a halide anion or share an electron pair with a non metal atom
What happens to halogens in water?
They undergo disproportionation (-> HX+ HXO)
What happens to halogens in an acqueous base?
- form hypophalites at lower temperatures and halates at higher temperatures
What is the primary valence of a coordination compound
between complex and counter ions
What is the secondary valence of a coordination compound??
between metal center and ligands
name the order of ligands from strongest to weakest field
CN-> NO2-> en> py~NH3> EDTA4-> SCN-> H2O >ONO-> ox2-> OH-> F-> SCN-> Cl-> Br-> I-
Ionization Isomerism
switch counter ion/ligand
Coordination Isomerism
swithc ligand on a metal center
Linkage Isomerism
switch atom through which binding occurs
Geometric Isomerism
different spatial arrangment about the metal atoms (Cis trans) occurs when MA2B2 and MA2B4
Trend in ionization energy
increases across a period and up a group
Trend in Metallic character
increases going down a group and to the left of a period
Trend in Electron affinity
increases across a period and up a group
Trend in atomic radius
increases down a group and to the left of a period
- not applicable for transition elements
