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Electrolyte Imbalances > Main Functions > Flashcards

Main Functions Flashcards

1
Q

Fluid balance + neuromuscular activity

A

Sodium

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2
Q

Depolarization + acid/base balance

A

Potassium

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3
Q

Electrophysiology of heart and smooth muscles + membrane stability

A

Calcium

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4
Q

Cell membrane structure + ATP formation

A

Phosphate

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5
Q

Acid/base balance + oxygen delivery to tissues

A

Phosphate

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6
Q

Na/k transport + neuromuscular activity

A

Magnesium

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7
Q

Protein/DNA synthesis + ATP production

A

Magnesium

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8
Q

Maintenance of serum osmolality/water balance + acid/base balance

A

Chloride

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9
Q

Regulated by kidneys, influenced by adrenal glands, ADH and atrial natriuretic peptide

A

Sodium

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10
Q

Moved out of cell to ECF by Na/K pump

A

Sodium

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11
Q

headache, confusion, muscle weakness, cramps

A

Hyponatremia (water excess, water moves into ICF, cells swell + burst)

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12
Q

Confusion, irritable, restless, twitching, confusion, thirst, fever

A

Hypernatremia (water deficit, water moves out of ICF, cells shrivel and collapse)

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13
Q

Increase water loss (hypertonic solution at slow rate)

A

Hyponatremia

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14
Q

Slowly replace water loss, limit sodium intake, treat cause and restore fluid balance

A

Hypernatremia

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15
Q

Diffuses out of cell and is actively pumped back into cell

A

Potassium

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16
Q

Excretes renally: kidneys can’t retain is magnesium levels are low

A

Potassium

17
Q

Influenced by acid/base balance - moves in and out of cell in relation to hydrogen and bicarbonate

A

Potassium

18
Q

ECG changes (flat/flipped T, ST depression), muscle weakness, fatigue, metabolic alkalosis

A

Hypokalemia

19
Q

ECG changes (peaked T, wide QRS, ST depression), muscle weakness

A

Hyperkalemia

20
Q

Replace, resolve contributing acid/base imbalances, consider meds contributing to loss

A

Hypokalemia

21
Q

Resolve contributing acid/base imbalance, consider meds contributing to retention, promote removal through diuretics, glucose/insulin

A

Hyperkalemia

22
Q

Dietary influence, mobilized by PTH and decreases renal excretion, calcitonin increases renal excretion, is opposite to phosphate, ionized form is better status of metabolism (levels fall during alkalosis and rise during acidosis)

A

Calcium

23
Q

Increased cell membrane excitability, CNS changes (anxiety, confusion, irritable), neuromuscular changes (tingling, twitching, cramps), CVS changes (decreased contractility

A

Hypocalcemia

24
Q

Decreased cell membrane excitability, CNS changes (fatigue, confusion, depression, coma), neuromuscular changes (muscle weakness, decreased tone), ECG changes

A

Hypercalcemia

25
Q

Correct albumin levels, correct acid-base imbalances, replace losses and increase intake

A

Hypocalcemia

26
Q

Correct phosphate levels, ensure adequate volume, correct acid-base imbalances, remove excess

A

Hypercalcemia

27
Q

Absorbed in GI, competes with calcium for absorption, excreted by kidneys, influenced by acid/base balance (moves into cell in alkalosis), follows glucose into cell

A

Phosphate

28
Q

Signs related to loss of ATP (energy) - weakness, irritability, confusions, poor contractility. Left shift of oxyhemoglobin curve and decreased oxygen transport to tissues

A

Hypophosphatemia

29
Q

Same signs as hypocalcemia (increased membrane excitability, CNS changes, tingling, twitching, cramps muscle changes)

A

Hyperphosphatemia

30
Q

Replace losses and increase intake

A

Hypophosphatemia

31
Q

Optimize calcium levels, limit intake, decrease GI absorption, enhance renal absorption by fluid admin

A

Hyperphosphatemia

32
Q

Dietary intake, competes with calcium for GI absorption, excreted in feces and kidneys, other intracellular lytes (calcium and potassium) are affected by this level

A

Magnesium

33
Q

Decreased levels liberate potassium to ECF which increases excretion of potassium and low serum levels

A

Magnesium

34
Q

Neuromuscular changes (overstimulation - hyperreflexia, weakness, cramps, twitching), dysrhythmias; resp muscle paralysis, laryngeal strider

A

Hypomagnesemia

35
Q

Depressed neuromuscular activity, weakness, flaccid paralysis

A

Hypermagnesemia

36
Q

Increase intake/replace losses

A

Hypomagnesemia

37
Q

Minimize intake, ensure adequate volume, remove with diuretics or dialysis

A

Hypermagnesemia

Electrolyte Imbalances (1 decks)

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