Main Features Of Operant Conditioning Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a reinforcer?

A

Something that encourages a behaviour to increase in frequency

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2
Q

What is a positive reinforcer? Give an example

A

The addition of something good when desired behaviour is shown to increase the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated. E.g receiving a sticker after tidying your room

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3
Q

What is a negative reinforcer? Give an example

A

The removal of something bad when the desired behaviour is shown to increase the likelihood of the behaviour being repeated. E.g the removal of chores after tidying your room

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4
Q

What is a primary reinforcer? Give an example

A

Receiving a direct reward which satisfies biological enate. E.g being rewarded with food, attention, love

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5
Q

What is a secondary reinforcer? Give an example

A

Something that enable you to get a primary reinforcer. E.g stickers or sweets to feel love and appreciation

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6
Q

What is a punishment? Give an example

A

Something that decreases the frequency of undesired behaviour by causing some kind of physical or mental distress

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7
Q

What is a positive punishment? Give an example

A

The addition of something unpleasant to discourage the chances of the behaviour being shown again. E.g a slap

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8
Q

What is a negative punishment? Give an example

A

The removal of something good to discourage the chances of the bad behaviour being repeated. E.g taking away your phone

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9
Q

What are schedules of reinforcement?

A

The amount of time or frequency between showing the desired behaviour and being reinforced for it.

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10
Q

What is continuous? Give an example

A

When the desired effect is reinforced every time it occurs. E.g dog sits and gets a treat every time

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11
Q

What is fixed ratio? Give an example

A

Such as when every (6th) regular correct response is reinforced. E.g when you collect 5 coffee stamps and get the 6th one free

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12
Q

What is variable ratio? Give an example

A

When the number of necessary correct responses is constantly altered. E.g gambling machines as don’t know how many times it’ll take to be reinforced with the reward, making them highly motivating and addicting

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13
Q

What is fixed interval? Give an example

A

Reinforcement made once every fixed amount of time. E.g being payed once a month regardless of the hours you work

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14
Q

What is a variable ratio? Give an example

A

Where the time between reinforcement is varied. E.g playing the national lottery

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15
Q

What does contiguent mean?

A

When the consequence follows soon after the behaviour- if there’s too long a delay, the conditioning is weakened

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