Main Deck Flashcards

Question 1

Q

MMPI 2 RF is newer edition, true or false

biggest component of the RF?

strengths of RF?

Answer

A

False, it is Restructured Format, alternative format still used today.

Restructured clinical scales are biggest component of the RF, clean up the clinical scales and reduce overlap btw/ scales, no new items or norms

shorter and more efficient and improved construct validity

Question 2

Q

MMPI history

Answer

A

Original development began in 1939 at the University of Minnesota by Starke R.
Hathaway and J. Charnley McKinley because they wanted an instrument that could serve
as an aid in assessing adult patients during routine psychiatric case work ups and could
accurately determine the severity of their disturbances.
In 1982 revision began, dropped many items and added more, added scales besides clinical scales

Question 3

Q

MMPI: The most important approach taken during construction was…

Answer

A

Empirical Criterion
Keying—the development, selection, and scoring of items within the scales based on
some external criterion reference

Question 4

Q

MMPI 2 age range

Question 5

Q

MMPI: a T score of __ or above is considered elevated

Answer

A

65, less than 40 may be considered positive aspects

Question 6

Q

MMPI: Scale 1 is…

Answer

A

Hypochondriasis (Hs): Preoccupation with the body and concomitant fears of illness or disease (vague/general physical complaints)

Also read:
Lack insight and resists psychological explanations of sx
• Often make others miserable
• Described by others as dull, unenthusiastic, and unambitious
• Are demanding and critical of others
• Communicate in a whiny manner

Question 7

Q

MMPI: Scale 2 is…

Answer

A

Depression (D): Depression, poor morale, lack of hope, general dissatisfaction with life

Also read: Elderly people, on average, score 5-10 higher
 High scorers more likely than others to have attempted suicide

Question 8

Q

MMPI: Scale 3 is…

Answer

A

Hysteria (Hy): Reacts to stress and avoids responsibility by developing physical
symptoms, especially if T>80 (more specific physical complaints)
 More common in women than men

Also read: May express very naïve beliefs about the world and have superficial and
immature personal relationships
 Feel angry when not getting enough attention or affection
 Other describe as psychologically immature, childish, and infantile
 May express being a failure at work, school, marital unhappiness, lack of
acceptance, or problems with authority figures.

Question 9

Q

MMPI: Scale 4 is…

Answer

A

Psychopathic Deviate (Pd): May have difficulty incorporating values and standards of society
 African Americans, Hispanic, and Native Americans average 5-10 points
higher than Caucasian and Asian Americans.
 Younger and more educated people also tend to score higher

Also read: Tend to intellectualize and blame others
 Impulsive, striving for immediate gratification, rebellious to authority
 Ostentatious, exhibitionistic, narcissistic, self-centered, selfish

Question 10

Q

MMPI: Scale 5 is…

Answer

A

Masculinity-Femininity (Mf): Originally developed to differentiate between homosexual and
heterosexual men, but did not work in normative sample

Also read: Reverse scores for men and women
 High scores for men:
• Lack stereotypical masculine interesting, have aesthetic and artistic
interests, likely to take part in housekeeping and child rearing more
often than most men.
 Low scores for men:
• Present as extremely masculine with stereotypical masculine
preferences in work, hobbies, and other activities.
 High scores for women:
• Rejecting of traditional female roles and have stereotypical
masculine interests such as sports, hobbies, and tend to be assertive
and competitive.
 Low scores for women:
• Stereotypical feminine interests and likely to get satisfaction from
roles like being a wife or mother; more traditionally feminine or
androgynous.

Question 11

Q

MMPI: Scale 6 is…

Answer

A

Paranoia (Pa): Suspiciousness, interpersonal sensitivity, and moral self-righteousness

Also read: T>70 is extreme and T=60-70 is moderate

Question 12

Q

MMPI: Scale 7 is…

Answer

A

Psychasthenia (Pk): Experience psychological turmoil and discomfort
 Feel anxious, tense, agitated, may have obsessive-compulsive sx
 Worried, fearful, apprehensive, high-strung, jumpy

Also read: tend to be shy, perfectionistic, meticulous, hold high standards

Question 13

Q

MMPI: Scale 8 is…

Answer

A

Schizophrenia (Sc): May have a psychotic disorder, especially if T>75-90
 African American, Hispanic, and Native American populations average 5
points higher than Caucasians
 May be confused, disorganized, and disoriented

Also read: T>90 is often a cry for help and in acute psychological turmoil
 Tend to have schizoid lifestyles, feeling as if they are not a part of their
social environments; feeling isolated, alienated, misunderstood, and
unaccepted by their peers.
 Described by others as shy, aloof, and uninvolved
imaginative, fantasy, unusual thoughts or delusions/hallucinations

Question 14

Q

MMPI: Scale 9 is…

Answer

A

Hypomania (Ma): Psychological and physical energy, egocentricity, and irritability
 African American, Hispanic, and Native American populations average 5
points higher than Caucasians
 Younger people have an average score of 50-60; <50 common for elderly
populations
 May be in a manic episode (especially if T>80)

Also read: Low frustration tolerance, likely to get into legal trouble, attempt to
dominate others

Question 15

Q

MMPI: Scale 0 is…

Answer

A

Introversion (Si): Tendency to withdraw from social contacts and responsibilities
 High scores indicate people who:
• Feel very insecure and uncomfortable in social situations
Low scores indicate people who:
• Are sociable and extroverted

Question 16

Q

MMPI Strengths

Answer

A

validity scales, lots of data

Question 17

Q

MMPI Limitations

Answer

A

some scales overlap, some cultural relevance issues

Question 18

Q

MMPI Code type descrepancies, need __ point difference for code type to be interpretable

Question 19

Q

MMPI Code type: Conversion valley

Answer

A

1,2,3 code type (“1-2-3, there’s something physically wrong
with me”); part of the Neurotic Triad; High on 1 and 3, low on 2; likely to have a
very defensive style and translate stressors into somatic symptoms; the more
pronounced the “valley,” the more resistant to treatment and higher number of
problems; if 1 is lower than 3, there’s a better prognosis for treatment

Question 20

Q

MMPI Code type: Inverted V

Answer

A

2,1,3, where 2 is high and 1 and 3 are lower, but all above 65;
typically present as depressed with some somatic complaints

Question 21

Q

MMPI Code type: Passive-Aggressive

Answer

A

7,4,2 code type (“7-4-2, I’ll be nice in a mean way cuz I

don’t like you”)

Question 22

Q

MMPI Code type: Psychotic valley

Answer

A

6,8,7 code type (“6-8-7, I’m crazy and someone’s watching
me from heaven”); scales 6 and 8 are above 70, and scale 7 is above 65; typical of
paranoid schizophrenics; if scales 2 and 0 are above 60, more indicative of a
thought disorder, if less than 55, more likely a mood disorder with psychotic
features.

Question 23

Q

MMPI Code type: Borderline

Answer

A

“2-4-6-8, who do you split and hate?”

Question 24

Q

MMPI Code type reading: Scales should only be interpreted if the parent Clinical scale is significantly
elevated (T>65)
o These subscales can be used to help explain why a person received elevated
scores on the Clinical scale when it was not expected based on historical data; and
to interpret Clinical scales that are only marginally elevated (T=65-70)

Answer

A

Scale 2: Depression (D)—
 Subjective Depression (D1)
 Psychomotor Retardation (D2)
 Physical Malfunctioning (D3)
 Mental Dullness (D4)
 Brooding (D5)
o Scale 3: Hysteria (Hy)—
 Denial of Social Anxiety (Hy1)
 Need for Affection (Hy2)
 Lassitude-Malaise (Hy3)
 Somatic Complaints (Hy4)
 Inhibition of Aggression (Hy5)
o Scale 4: Psychopathic Deviate (Pd)—
 Familial Disorder (Pd1)
 Authority Problems (Pd2)
 Social Imperturbability (Pd3)
 Social Alienation (Pd4)
 Self-Alienation (Pd5)
o Scale 6: Paranoia (Pa)—
 Persecutory Ideas (Pa1)
 Poignancy (Pa2)
 Naïveté (Pa3)
o Scale 8: Schizophrenia (Sc)—
 Social Alienation (Sc1)
 Emotional Alienation (Sc2)
 Lack of Ego Mastery, Cognitive (Sc3)
 Lack of Ego Mastery, Conative (Sc4)
 Lack of Ego Mastery, Defective Inhibition (Sc5)
 Bizarre Sensory Experiences (Sc6)
o Scale 9: Hypomania (Ma)—
 Amorality (Ma1)
 Psychomotor Acceleration (Ma2)
 Imperturbability (Ma3)
 Ego Inflation (Ma4)

Question 25

Q

MMPI: Content Scales: Developed to…

Answer

A

define clinically relevant content areas across the entire test. Each
content scale, like Clinical scales, has a subscale for 12 of the 15 Content scales
for those that are elevated about 65.

Question 26

Q

MMPI: Restructed Clinical (RC) Scales: Designed to…

Answer

A

reduce intercorrelation among Clinical scales and to improve
discriminant validity.
o A common factor was found to have elicited elevations on multiple scales related
to anxiety, general maladjustment, or emotional distress.

Question 27

Q

MMPI: RC Scale: Demoralization (RCd)

Answer

A

It was anticipated that this scale would remove the general factor of
distress from Clinical scales and be able to therefore identify items that
reflect the core construct of each scale
 High scorers are likely to have high scores on other RC, Clinical, and
Content scales, especially those with strong affective components.

Question 28

Q

MMPI: RC Scales Read

Answer

A

Dysfunctional Negative Emotions (RC6)—
 Negative emotional experiences (anxiety, fear, irritability)
 Excessive worry
 Feeling sad and unhappy; are self-critical and guilt-prone
 Experience intruding ideation
 Ruminate and brood about perceived failures
o Aberrant Experiences (RC8)—
 Tends to be a more focused measure of sensory, perceptual, cognitive, and
motor disturbances suggestive of psychotic disorders than Scale 8
 Reports unusual sensory, motor, etc., experiences
 May experience hallucinations/delusions
 May experience bizarre sensory experiences; have impaired reality testing
 Feeling anxious or depressed
 Impaired occupational or interpersonal functioning
o Hypomanic Activation (RC9)—
 Experience racing thoughts, high energy, and heightened mood
 Irritable and aggressive; poor impulse control
 May abuse substances; engage in antisocial behaviors
 Sensation seeking and risk taking

Question 29

Q

MMPI Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY5) Scales: Constructed to…

Answer

A

assess personality traits relevant to normal functioning and clinical
problems; Similar to the five-factor model of personality;

Question 30

Q

MMPI PSY5 Scales read

Answer

A

Aggressiveness (AGGR)—
 Offensive and instrumental aggression, may enjoy intimidating others to
accomplish own goals; reacts aggressively to provocation; may have a
history of behavioral problems and violence
 Low scores indicate passiveness, submissiveness, and not aggressive in
interactions
o Psychoticism (PSYC)—
 Disconnection from reality, including unshared beliefs and unusual
sensory and perceptual experiences, feeling alienated, and having an
unrealistic expectation of harm
o Disconstraint (DISC)—
 Risk taking, impulsivity, ignoring traditional moral beliefs and behaviors,
easily bored, seeks out excitement, may have history of violence and
substance abuse
 Low scores may indicate self-control, following rules and laws, and high
tolerance for boredom
o Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism (NEGE)—
 Predisposition to experience negatively valenced emotions
 Focuses on problematic features of new information; tends to worry, feel
guilty, and be self-critical; concocting worst-case scenarios
o Introversion/Low Positive Emotional (INTR)—
 Limited capacity to experience joy and positive engagement; socially
introverted
 Low scores indicate a capacity to experience pleasure and joy, are often
sociable, have lots of energy, and may have Hypomania.

Question 31

Q

MMPI Supplementary Scales: Requires…

Answer

A

all 567 items to be administered
o Not intended to replace or break down Clinical scales, but are separate scales
o Interpret when T>65, and some when T<40.

Question 32

Q

MMPI validity scales, non content based threats
Cannot say (?)
(VRIN)
(TRIN)

Answer

A

Cannot say (?) skipped/double answered, 10 and 30 raw score cutoffs

Variable Response Inconsitency (VRIN) inconsistent responding with paired resps, random! 13 raw score/T80 cutoffs

True Response Inconsistency (TRIN) inconsistent responding, all true or false/fixed responding, T80 in either direction cutoff

Question 33

Q

MMPI Validity scales, content based threats, over reporting
(F)
(Fb)
(Fp)
(FBS)

Answer

A

Infrequency (F) atypical responses that suggest randomness or pathology, different population cutoffs

Back Infrequency (Fb) similar to F but back half, change in responding

Infrequency Psychopathology (Fp) atypical psychopathology responses (fake pathology)

Symptom Validity Scale (FBS) Fake Bad Scale, historically not credible

Question 34

Q

MMPI Validity scales, content based threats, under reporting
(L)
(K)
(S)

Answer

A

Lie (L) unsophisticated way to show goodness (fake good)

Correction (K) more sophisticated way to show goodness (fake good (high) or fake bad (low))

Superlative Self-Representation (S) present self as virtuous, without problems, gets along well with everyone, morally good, may be defensive

Question 35

Q

MMPI Clinical Subscales synonym…

Answer

A

Harris-Lingoes subscales

Question 36

Q

Other MMPI 2 RF differences…

3 higher order scales

10 RC scales including RCd which is…

Note: several Specific Problem Scales and Interests Scales (replace clinical scale 5)

Answer

A

Validity scales similar
EID (Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction): problems associated with mood and
affect (similar to 27/72 code type)
o THD (Thought Dysfunction): problems associated with disordered thinking
(68/86 code type)
o BXD (Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction): problems associated with undercontrolled behavior (49/94 code type)

RCd is demoralization

Question 37

Q

MMPI A and MMPI A RF

Answer

A

similar to MMPI in validity scales, clinical scales, subscales but for adolescents

Question 38

Q

MCMI
purpose
not T scores but...
cut offs
read: clinical personality pattern scales, clinical syndrome scales, severe syndrome scales

Answer

A

personality disorders and some other clinical syndromes
base rates, prevalence of diagnoses for patients in the normative sample
60 median, 75-84 prominence, 85+ dx likely

Question 39

Q

MCMI read:
MCMI Modifying Indices
o Validity Index (Scale V)—
 Three items which are improbably, if 2 of them are endorsed the profile is
invalid; if 1 endorsed then use caution in interpretation.
• Desirability does not contribute to validity, only response style;
only Debasement and Disclosure contribute to validity
o Consistency (Scale W)—
 25 item pairs expected to answer consistently (like MMPI)
 A raw score above 19 is considered invalid.
o Disclosure (Scale X)—
 Signifies problem response behaviors whether a patient was inclined to be
openly frank and self-revealing (high BR) or be more secretive and
reticent (low BR)
 If raw score is less than 7, or higher than 114, the protocol is invalid.
o Desirability (Scale Y)—
 Degree to which the results may be affected by the individual’s inclination
to appear socially attractive, morally virtuous, and emotionally wellcomposed (similar to the L scale of MMPI; “faking good”)
o Debasement (Scale Z)—
 Inclinations to depreciate or devalue oneself by presenting emotional and
personal difficulties in stronger terms than are likely to be uncovered upon
objective review (“faking bad”)
 May show a distressing degree of emotional turmoil (similar to MMPI F
scale)

Answer

A

Interpret Y and Z if BR is above 74, but not low scores; no scores on the Y or Z make the
profile invalid due to scoring adjustments made for extremes
o Protocol can be invalidated based on V, W, or X.

Question 40

Q

MACI:
purpose and population
notes on scales?

Answer

A

Used for individuals age 13-19
o Uses same BR as MCMI-IV (below 60, do not interpret; above 74, clinically significant
presence of personality traits; above 85, personality d/o)
Personality scales are similar, and have different names to reflect personality patterns as
still developing rather than conceptualizing them as disorders (no equivalent to
Turbulent, Schizotypal, or Paranoid)
Personality Pattern Scales, Clinical Syndrome Scales, Expressed Concern scales

Read: M-PACI: Millon Pre-Adolescent Clinical Inventory

Question 41

Q

Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)

uses and unique features

Answer

A

in-depth personality inventory, like the MCMI, widely used, uses likert type scale not T/F

Question 42

Q

Behavioral Assessments: Achenbach scales
CBCL
TRF
YSR

Connors-3 purpose

advantages

Answer

A

CBCL: Child Behavior Checklist Parent Report ages
TRF: Teacher Self Report
(Separate forms for 6-18 vs. younger kids) (last two)
YSR: Youth Self Report

Connors-3 attention measurement, parent, teacher, self report

cross analysis - multiple reporters teachers, kids, parents

Question 43

Q

What do the TAT, CAT, Roberts-2, and TEMAS have in common?

Answer

A

story-telling cards, validity highly iffy, projective measures!

Question 44

Q

TAT limitations

Answer

A

racial bias, blurry? outdated

Question 45

Q

TAT: Murray’s Needs Press Theory: Define Needs, Press, Thema, and Conflicts

Answer

A

Needs > drives within the person to influence motivation
o Press > forces in the person’s environment
o Thema> small unity of behavior that results from the interaction of needs and
press.
o Conflicts in personality are a constant struggle between needs and press and how
to mediate them

Question 46

Q

TAT: Define aperception

Answer

A

interpreting the environment and perceiving meaning of a situation.

Question 47

Q

TAT Read

Answer

A

Scoring system developed by Bellak, and includes 10 categories:
o Main theme
o Self-functioning of the hero
o Main needs and drives of the hero
o Conception of the world
o Interpersonal object relations
o Main conflicts
o Nature of fears, anxieties, and insecurities
o Main defense and coping mechanisms
o Superego functioning
o General ego functions
o Most useful for assessing interpe

Question 48

Q

TAT Most useful for…

Answer

A

assessing interpersonal relationships and how the individual views their
world…

Read: including aggression and hostility, motivations and perceptions, and coping
mechanisms and abilities.

Question 49

Q

Children’s Apperception Test (CAT) what is it and what pop

Answer

A

Basically the same as the TAT, but is for use with children age 3-10 and can use 10 cards
with images of either humans or animals

Question 50

Q

Senior Apperception Technique (SAT) what is it and what pop

Answer

A

More of the same as TAT or CAT, but used with individual’s age 65 and older.
o Uses 16 different cards that often look for themes of loneliness, uselessness, and death

Question 51

Q

Tell Me A Story (TEMAS) unique features and pop

Answer

A

Projective test, Used for individuals age 5-18
o Standard form for Caucasians and one for minorities (in general)
o Depicts urban scenes that children are more likely to relate to
o 23 images in total, with cards for males, females, and both

Question 52

Q

Roberts-2 what is it and unique features

Answer

A

Another story telling assessment, presenting youths with images of either African
American, Latino, or Caucasian children in social interactions.
o All 16 cards are administered to adolescents
o Most use subjective interpretation based on themes, but there is a standardized scoring
system.

Question 53

Q

Drawing Tasks (what remember about them) and read

Answer

A

Used with children and adults
• Aims to assess unconscious material by interpretation of content, omission of details,
added detail, quality of drawing, coloring/shading, size of drawing, process of drawing,
and location on the paper.
• Are non-verbal means of assessing personality; often lack validity and reliability due to
the subjective nature of interpretations.
• EX: House-Tree-Person, Kinetic Family Drawing

z-evidence based issues

Question 54

Q

What is the Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank (RISB)?

Answer

A

Writing task: Individual completes 40 sentence prompts
o There is a scoring system but pulling themes out subjectively is often used
o A good measure in conjunction with other projective tests
o Four different forms for Child, High School, College, and Adult

Question 55

Q

R-PAS vs. CS

Answer

A

both systems currently function and are used, R-PAS newer and more normative evidence based data, more reliable and valid, less variables in R-PAS

Question 56

Q

R-PAS: Critical Content Responses (7 in total)

Answer

A

(MOR, MAP, AGM, Sx, Ex, Fi, An, Bl)

May be indicative of borderline or antisocial PD

Question 57

Q

Read Study Guide re: R-PAS

Answer

A

pps. 36-45

Question 58

Q

What are the five domains of R-PAS variables? (get most of them)

Answer

A

Admin Behaviors and Observation, Engagement and Cog Complexity, Perception and Thinking, Stress and Distress, and Self and Other Rep

Question 59

Q

IQ testing was first conducted by…

Answer

A

Sir Francis Galton in England (1869). He believed that tests of
sensory discrimination and motor coordination were related to intelligence (he was also a pioneer
of eugenics). Considered the Father of Psychometrically-based testing
Early testing was interested in giftedness and/or a way to distinguish normal from “retarded”
individuals.

Question 60

Q

In France, Binet and Simon developed the first IQ Test in 1908, for who?

Answer

A

children

Read: Lewis Terman (1916), a Stanford Psychologist, used Binet’s original test and
standardized it using a sample of American participants, and was published in 1916 as the
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and became the standard intelligence test for the United
States. Uses mental age divided by chronological age x 100.

Question 61

Q

In World War I, __ provided group testing for placement and fitness for duty of
soldiers

Answer

A

Robert Yerkes

Read: Army Alpha: verbal tasks (like Stanford-Binet)
• Army Beta: new set of nonverbal tasks
• These tests were inappropriate to use after the war to screen individuals such as
immigrants

Question 62

Q

Wechsler began developing IQ Tests when?

Question 63

Q

IQ Definitions: Elements

Answer

A

abstract thinking/reasoning, problem-solving, capacity to acquire knowledge,
memory, adaptations to environment, mental speed, linguistic competence.

Question 64

Q

IQ Definitions: Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory

Answer

A

involves two factors; general (g) and specific (s);
Every mental ability involves a “g,” which it shares with all other mental activities and
“s,” which is shared with none
o “g” is largely innate
o “s” is essentially learned

Answer 62

A

Three Stratum Factor Analytic Theory of Cognitive Abilities
developed theory based on review of 465 research studies; many distinct individual
differences in intelligence relationships among differences classified into strata (levels);
65 Narrow Abilities; 8 Broad Factors; 1 General Ability (“g”).

Answer 63

A

Uniqueness of each individual; Allport defined personality as
“the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that
determine his characteristic behavior and thought.”

Answer 64

A

WAIS (age 16-90); WISC-V (age 6-16); WASI-II (6-90); WPPSI (age 2-7)

Answer 65

A

Significant VCI-PRI differences; PSI is the most sensitive; PRI and WMI lower; Block
design is sensitive; Vocab and Information subtests are usually better preserved

Read: age the brain damage occurred, environmental variables,
education, location of the lesion, and whether the lesion is recent versus chronic may also impact IQ scores

Answer 66

A

generally non-verbal most impacted. Processing speed

Answer 67

A

lower PSI tests (Symbol Search, Coding); VMI typically not

affected; Expect the WMI and PSI to be low; Typically have inter-subtest scatter

Answer 68

A

Processing speed will likely be lower (PSI and WMI); non-verbal abilities are not usually
affected; Coding, Visual Puzzles, Figure Weights all tend to be low (VP and FW are
timed).

Answer 69

A

Majority of the test should be normal, but a low VCI.
• Discrepancy between FSIQ and Achievement or one WISC index (VCI or PRI) and area
of achievement.
• Lower PRI and NVLD
• Possibly weaker WMI, PSI, or PRI if the source of processing deficit

Answer 70

A

3 independent abilities

Answer 71

A

multiple types of intelligence (social, physical, emotinoal artistic, etc.)

Answer 72

A

intelligence is adaptive, three types: creative, analytical, practical

Answer 73

A

general intelligence g factor, with second factor s related to abilities in one specific domain

Answer 74

A

7 primary abilities (similar to Wechsler domains)

Answer 75

A

Scaled Scores = results of subtests, converted from raw scores
 Mean: 10; Standard Deviation: 3; Range: 1-19

Standard Scores = IQ and Index Scores (VCI, PRI, WMI, PSI)
 Mean: 100; Standard Deviation: 15;
• Range: 40-160, FSIQ and 50-150, Index Scores

Answer 76

A

o Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI)

o Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI)

o Working Memory Index (WMI)

o Processing Speed Index (PSI)

Answer 77

A

Verbal Comp: Vocabulary, Similarities, Information, (Comprehension)

Answer 78

A

Percept Reason: Block Design, Matrix Reasoning, Visual Puzzles, (Figure Weights, Figure Completion)

Answer 79

A

Working Mem: Digit Span, Arithmetic, (Letter-Number Sequencing)

Answer 80

A

Process Speed: Symbol Search, Coding, (Cancellation)

Answer 81

A

Index/Subtest
o Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI): Vocabulary, Similarities, Comprehension,
(Information)
o Visual Spatial Index (VSI): Block Design, Visual Puzzles
o Fluid Reasoning Index (FRI): Matrix Reasoning, Figure Weights, (Picture
Concepts, Arithmetic)
o Working Memory Index (WMI): Digit Span, Picture Span, (Letter-Number
Sequencing)
o Processing Speed Index (PSI): Coding, Symbol Search, (Cancellation)

Ancillary Index Scales and Supplemental Scales additional

Answer 82

A

intelligence test, designed to address processes that often underlie children’s
difficulties in learning and what scientists know about neurological structures
underlying these abilities

2 and a half - 17 and 11 months (3 different segments of ages)

Strengths: provides efficient, thorough, reasonable, and statistically reliable and
valid assessment cognitive abilities; Designed to enhance useful interpretation;
Covers a wide age range (from 2:6 to 7:11)
o Weaknesses: because it only extends to 17:11, it can be a nuisance when trying to
evaluate students in their last years of high school; The GCA is not a global
composite score (like the WAIS); can be quite complex and require training,
practice, and careful attention for administration

often used to avoid cultural bias that WISC has

Answer 83

A

intelligence test for children

Uses “adaptive testing” method where
scores on previous subtests determine starting point on subsequent tests; Measures 3
levels of intelligence—
o Level 1: Composite
o Level 2: Crystallize, Fluid, Short-Term Memory
o Level 3: Verbal, Quantitative, Abstract/Visual Reasoning

high ceiling that measures giftedness well

Answer 84

A

intelligence tests, generally comprehensive, WJ-IV also has a Cognitive section for intel testing

Read: WJ-IV has high ceilings and floors, KABC and DAS generally good for multicultural pops

WASI is quicker and goes across huge age span, kids and adults, but data limited

Answer 85

A

2 SD’s below the mean on IQ

Answer 86

A

Adaptive Functioning measures

Answer 87

A

Achievement testing. According to the DSM, if there are 2 SD discrepancy between IQ and Ach, then
highly probable learning disorder. EX: WRAT-4, Woodcock Johnson-III, WIAT-III.

Answer 88

A

13 possible categories of disabilities to require students to receive services;
• All students must be provided with free appropriate public education;
• IEPs

AKA Public Law 94-142

Read: 504 plans are for general education, and IEP’s are for special education

Answer 89

A

The court ruled against using IQ tests to assess placement of African American children
in Special Education classes in California and required proper account for cultural
background when making placement classifications

Answer 90

A

all culturally sensitive tests, involve nonverbal reasoning and communication, most for ages as young as 5

Read: Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI-4), Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised (Leiter-R), Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test, Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV), Raven’s Progressive Matrices, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT)

Answer 91

A

An individually administered measure of oral language, written language, and
mathematics.
• For use with individuals age 4 to 50 years, 11 months; age and grade-based norms.
• 16 subtests across 4 domains

Read: 16 Total Subtests, including:
o Reading (5)
 Total reading, basic reading, comprehension, and fluency
o Oral Language (2)
o Written Language (4)
o Mathematics (5)

co-normed with Wechsler scales - predictions and discrepancies

did this with child participant

Answer 92

A

education achievement test

Read:
22 subtests; the first 12 form the standard battery, and the latter 10 form the extended
battery.
• Measures areas such as reading, math, written language, oral language, and academic
knowledge.
• Widely used in schools.

Answer 93

A

screening instrument for academic achievement.
• 4 subtests assessing reading, spelling, and math computation
• Used for ages 5 to 94 years, 11 months.
• Offers alternate blue and green forms

did this with adult participant

Answer 94

A

Neuropsych screenings. visual-motor integration and visua-motor-spatial measures, some level of perception

CTMT is another example

For memory: Wechsler Memory scale (WMS-IV) (for adults, various memory and working memory aspects, ages 16-90) and Children’s Memory Scale (CMS)

Answer 95

A

They are executive functioning measures

Answer 96

A

internal consistency reliability, acceptable range of consistency generally between .70 and .90

Answer 97

A

False, it is the lowest estimate of reliability

Answer 98

A

internal consistency, only used for tests that

measure a pure, single variable

Answer 99

A

Test-retest

Answer 100

A

internal consistency

Answer 101

A

how representative and relevant the measure is to the construct being measured, includes face validity

Answer 102

A

empirical or predictive validity, determined by comparing scores to outside measure, relationship known as a correlation coefficient

concurrent validity (taken at same time) and predictive validity (one measure taken later)

Read: synthetic validity entails synthesizing different steps of validity

Answer 103

A

knowledge of test results

Answer 104

A

used to assess the extent to
which the test measures a theoretical construct or trait. includes convergent validity and divergent validity and factor analysis

Read:
Sensitivity: refers to the percentage of true positives that the instrument
has identified.
 Specificity: is the relative percentage of true negatives.

multitrait-multimethod procedures important

Answer 105

A

Cohen’s Kappa

Answer 106

A

3 days (72 hrs)

Answer 107

A

No