Main Deck Flashcards
1
Q
MMPI 2 RF is newer edition, true or false
biggest component of the RF?
strengths of RF?
A
False, it is Restructured Format, alternative format still used today.
Restructured clinical scales are biggest component of the RF, clean up the clinical scales and reduce overlap btw/ scales, no new items or norms
shorter and more efficient and improved construct validity
2
Q
MMPI history
A
Original development began in 1939 at the University of Minnesota by Starke R.
Hathaway and J. Charnley McKinley because they wanted an instrument that could serve
as an aid in assessing adult patients during routine psychiatric case work ups and could
accurately determine the severity of their disturbances.
In 1982 revision began, dropped many items and added more, added scales besides clinical scales
3
Q
MMPI: The most important approach taken during construction was…
A
Empirical Criterion
Keying—the development, selection, and scoring of items within the scales based on
some external criterion reference
4
Q
MMPI 2 age range
A
18-80
5
Q
MMPI: a T score of __ or above is considered elevated
A
65, less than 40 may be considered positive aspects
6
Q
MMPI: Scale 1 is…
A
Hypochondriasis (Hs): Preoccupation with the body and concomitant fears of illness or disease (vague/general physical complaints)
Also read:
Lack insight and resists psychological explanations of sx
• Often make others miserable
• Described by others as dull, unenthusiastic, and unambitious
• Are demanding and critical of others
• Communicate in a whiny manner
7
Q
MMPI: Scale 2 is…
A
Depression (D): Depression, poor morale, lack of hope, general dissatisfaction with life
Also read: Elderly people, on average, score 5-10 higher
High scorers more likely than others to have attempted suicide
8
Q
MMPI: Scale 3 is…
A
Hysteria (Hy): Reacts to stress and avoids responsibility by developing physical
symptoms, especially if T>80 (more specific physical complaints)
More common in women than men
Also read: May express very naïve beliefs about the world and have superficial and
immature personal relationships
Feel angry when not getting enough attention or affection
Other describe as psychologically immature, childish, and infantile
May express being a failure at work, school, marital unhappiness, lack of
acceptance, or problems with authority figures.
9
Q
MMPI: Scale 4 is…
A
Psychopathic Deviate (Pd): May have difficulty incorporating values and standards of society
African Americans, Hispanic, and Native Americans average 5-10 points
higher than Caucasian and Asian Americans.
Younger and more educated people also tend to score higher
Also read: Tend to intellectualize and blame others
Impulsive, striving for immediate gratification, rebellious to authority
Ostentatious, exhibitionistic, narcissistic, self-centered, selfish
10
Q
MMPI: Scale 5 is…
A
Masculinity-Femininity (Mf): Originally developed to differentiate between homosexual and
heterosexual men, but did not work in normative sample
Also read: Reverse scores for men and women
High scores for men:
• Lack stereotypical masculine interesting, have aesthetic and artistic
interests, likely to take part in housekeeping and child rearing more
often than most men.
Low scores for men:
• Present as extremely masculine with stereotypical masculine
preferences in work, hobbies, and other activities.
High scores for women:
• Rejecting of traditional female roles and have stereotypical
masculine interests such as sports, hobbies, and tend to be assertive
and competitive.
Low scores for women:
• Stereotypical feminine interests and likely to get satisfaction from
roles like being a wife or mother; more traditionally feminine or
androgynous.
11
Q
MMPI: Scale 6 is…
A
Paranoia (Pa): Suspiciousness, interpersonal sensitivity, and moral self-righteousness
Also read: T>70 is extreme and T=60-70 is moderate
12
Q
MMPI: Scale 7 is…
A
Psychasthenia (Pk): Experience psychological turmoil and discomfort
Feel anxious, tense, agitated, may have obsessive-compulsive sx
Worried, fearful, apprehensive, high-strung, jumpy
Also read: tend to be shy, perfectionistic, meticulous, hold high standards
13
Q
MMPI: Scale 8 is…
A
Schizophrenia (Sc): May have a psychotic disorder, especially if T>75-90
African American, Hispanic, and Native American populations average 5
points higher than Caucasians
May be confused, disorganized, and disoriented
Also read: T>90 is often a cry for help and in acute psychological turmoil
Tend to have schizoid lifestyles, feeling as if they are not a part of their
social environments; feeling isolated, alienated, misunderstood, and
unaccepted by their peers.
Described by others as shy, aloof, and uninvolved
imaginative, fantasy, unusual thoughts or delusions/hallucinations
14
Q
MMPI: Scale 9 is…
A
Hypomania (Ma): Psychological and physical energy, egocentricity, and irritability
African American, Hispanic, and Native American populations average 5
points higher than Caucasians
Younger people have an average score of 50-60; <50 common for elderly
populations
May be in a manic episode (especially if T>80)
Also read: Low frustration tolerance, likely to get into legal trouble, attempt to
dominate others
15
Q
MMPI: Scale 0 is…
A
Introversion (Si): Tendency to withdraw from social contacts and responsibilities
High scores indicate people who:
• Feel very insecure and uncomfortable in social situations
Low scores indicate people who:
• Are sociable and extroverted
16
Q
MMPI Strengths
A
validity scales, lots of data
17
Q
MMPI Limitations
A
some scales overlap, some cultural relevance issues
18
Q
MMPI Code type descrepancies, need __ point difference for code type to be interpretable
A
5
19
Q
MMPI Code type: Conversion valley
A
1,2,3 code type (“1-2-3, there’s something physically wrong
with me”); part of the Neurotic Triad; High on 1 and 3, low on 2; likely to have a
very defensive style and translate stressors into somatic symptoms; the more
pronounced the “valley,” the more resistant to treatment and higher number of
problems; if 1 is lower than 3, there’s a better prognosis for treatment
20
Q
MMPI Code type: Inverted V
A
2,1,3, where 2 is high and 1 and 3 are lower, but all above 65;
typically present as depressed with some somatic complaints
21
Q
MMPI Code type: Passive-Aggressive
A
7,4,2 code type (“7-4-2, I’ll be nice in a mean way cuz I
don’t like you”)
22
Q
MMPI Code type: Psychotic valley
A
6,8,7 code type (“6-8-7, I’m crazy and someone’s watching
me from heaven”); scales 6 and 8 are above 70, and scale 7 is above 65; typical of
paranoid schizophrenics; if scales 2 and 0 are above 60, more indicative of a
thought disorder, if less than 55, more likely a mood disorder with psychotic
features.
23
Q
MMPI Code type: Borderline
A
“2-4-6-8, who do you split and hate?”
24
Q
MMPI Code type reading: Scales should only be interpreted if the parent Clinical scale is significantly
elevated (T>65)
o These subscales can be used to help explain why a person received elevated
scores on the Clinical scale when it was not expected based on historical data; and
to interpret Clinical scales that are only marginally elevated (T=65-70)
A
Scale 2: Depression (D)— Subjective Depression (D1) Psychomotor Retardation (D2) Physical Malfunctioning (D3) Mental Dullness (D4) Brooding (D5) o Scale 3: Hysteria (Hy)— Denial of Social Anxiety (Hy1) Need for Affection (Hy2) Lassitude-Malaise (Hy3) Somatic Complaints (Hy4) Inhibition of Aggression (Hy5) o Scale 4: Psychopathic Deviate (Pd)— Familial Disorder (Pd1) Authority Problems (Pd2) Social Imperturbability (Pd3) Social Alienation (Pd4) Self-Alienation (Pd5) o Scale 6: Paranoia (Pa)— Persecutory Ideas (Pa1) Poignancy (Pa2) Naïveté (Pa3) o Scale 8: Schizophrenia (Sc)— Social Alienation (Sc1) Emotional Alienation (Sc2) Lack of Ego Mastery, Cognitive (Sc3) Lack of Ego Mastery, Conative (Sc4) Lack of Ego Mastery, Defective Inhibition (Sc5) Bizarre Sensory Experiences (Sc6) o Scale 9: Hypomania (Ma)— Amorality (Ma1) Psychomotor Acceleration (Ma2) Imperturbability (Ma3) Ego Inflation (Ma4)
25
MMPI: Content Scales: Developed to...
define clinically relevant content areas across the entire test. Each
content scale, like Clinical scales, has a subscale for 12 of the 15 Content scales
for those that are elevated about 65.
26
MMPI: Restructed Clinical (RC) Scales: Designed to...
reduce intercorrelation among Clinical scales and to improve
discriminant validity.
o A common factor was found to have elicited elevations on multiple scales related
to anxiety, general maladjustment, or emotional distress.
27
MMPI: RC Scale: Demoralization (RCd)
It was anticipated that this scale would remove the general factor of
distress from Clinical scales and be able to therefore identify items that
reflect the core construct of each scale
High scorers are likely to have high scores on other RC, Clinical, and
Content scales, especially those with strong affective components.
28
MMPI: RC Scales Read
Dysfunctional Negative Emotions (RC6)—
Negative emotional experiences (anxiety, fear, irritability)
Excessive worry
Feeling sad and unhappy; are self-critical and guilt-prone
Experience intruding ideation
Ruminate and brood about perceived failures
o Aberrant Experiences (RC8)—
Tends to be a more focused measure of sensory, perceptual, cognitive, and
motor disturbances suggestive of psychotic disorders than Scale 8
Reports unusual sensory, motor, etc., experiences
May experience hallucinations/delusions
May experience bizarre sensory experiences; have impaired reality testing
Feeling anxious or depressed
Impaired occupational or interpersonal functioning
o Hypomanic Activation (RC9)—
Experience racing thoughts, high energy, and heightened mood
Irritable and aggressive; poor impulse control
May abuse substances; engage in antisocial behaviors
Sensation seeking and risk taking
29
MMPI Personality Psychopathology Five (PSY5) Scales: Constructed to...
assess personality traits relevant to normal functioning and clinical
problems; Similar to the five-factor model of personality;
30
MMPI PSY5 Scales read
Aggressiveness (AGGR)—
Offensive and instrumental aggression, may enjoy intimidating others to
accomplish own goals; reacts aggressively to provocation; may have a
history of behavioral problems and violence
Low scores indicate passiveness, submissiveness, and not aggressive in
interactions
o Psychoticism (PSYC)—
Disconnection from reality, including unshared beliefs and unusual
sensory and perceptual experiences, feeling alienated, and having an
unrealistic expectation of harm
o Disconstraint (DISC)—
Risk taking, impulsivity, ignoring traditional moral beliefs and behaviors,
easily bored, seeks out excitement, may have history of violence and
substance abuse
Low scores may indicate self-control, following rules and laws, and high
tolerance for boredom
o Negative Emotionality/Neuroticism (NEGE)—
Predisposition to experience negatively valenced emotions
Focuses on problematic features of new information; tends to worry, feel
guilty, and be self-critical; concocting worst-case scenarios
o Introversion/Low Positive Emotional (INTR)—
Limited capacity to experience joy and positive engagement; socially
introverted
Low scores indicate a capacity to experience pleasure and joy, are often
sociable, have lots of energy, and may have Hypomania.
31
MMPI Supplementary Scales: Requires...
all 567 items to be administered
o Not intended to replace or break down Clinical scales, but are separate scales
o Interpret when T>65, and some when T<40.
32
MMPI validity scales, non content based threats
Cannot say (?)
(VRIN)
(TRIN)
Cannot say (?) skipped/double answered, 10 and 30 raw score cutoffs
Variable Response Inconsitency (VRIN) inconsistent responding with paired resps, random! 13 raw score/T80 cutoffs
True Response Inconsistency (TRIN) inconsistent responding, all true or false/fixed responding, T80 in either direction cutoff
33
```
MMPI Validity scales, content based threats, over reporting
(F)
(Fb)
(Fp)
(FBS)
```
Infrequency (F) atypical responses that suggest randomness or pathology, different population cutoffs
Back Infrequency (Fb) similar to F but back half, change in responding
Infrequency Psychopathology (Fp) atypical psychopathology responses (fake pathology)
Symptom Validity Scale (FBS) Fake Bad Scale, historically not credible
34
MMPI Validity scales, content based threats, under reporting
(L)
(K)
(S)
Lie (L) unsophisticated way to show goodness (fake good)
Correction (K) more sophisticated way to show goodness (fake good (high) or fake bad (low))
Superlative Self-Representation (S) present self as virtuous, without problems, gets along well with everyone, morally good, may be defensive
35
MMPI Clinical Subscales synonym...
Harris-Lingoes subscales
36
Other MMPI 2 RF differences...
3 higher order scales
10 RC scales including RCd which is...
Note: several Specific Problem Scales and Interests Scales (replace clinical scale 5)
```
Validity scales similar
EID (Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction): problems associated with mood and
affect (similar to 27/72 code type)
o THD (Thought Dysfunction): problems associated with disordered thinking
(68/86 code type)
o BXD (Behavioral/Externalizing Dysfunction): problems associated with undercontrolled behavior (49/94 code type)
```
RCd is demoralization
37
MMPI A and MMPI A RF
similar to MMPI in validity scales, clinical scales, subscales but for adolescents
38
```
MCMI
purpose
not T scores but...
cut offs
read: clinical personality pattern scales, clinical syndrome scales, severe syndrome scales
```
personality disorders and some other clinical syndromes
base rates, prevalence of diagnoses for patients in the normative sample
60 median, 75-84 prominence, 85+ dx likely
39
MCMI read:
MCMI Modifying Indices
o Validity Index (Scale V)—
Three items which are improbably, if 2 of them are endorsed the profile is
invalid; if 1 endorsed then use caution in interpretation.
• Desirability does not contribute to validity, only response style;
only Debasement and Disclosure contribute to validity
o Consistency (Scale W)—
25 item pairs expected to answer consistently (like MMPI)
A raw score above 19 is considered invalid.
o Disclosure (Scale X)—
Signifies problem response behaviors whether a patient was inclined to be
openly frank and self-revealing (high BR) or be more secretive and
reticent (low BR)
If raw score is less than 7, or higher than 114, the protocol is invalid.
o Desirability (Scale Y)—
Degree to which the results may be affected by the individual’s inclination
to appear socially attractive, morally virtuous, and emotionally wellcomposed (similar to the L scale of MMPI; “faking good”)
o Debasement (Scale Z)—
Inclinations to depreciate or devalue oneself by presenting emotional and
personal difficulties in stronger terms than are likely to be uncovered upon
objective review (“faking bad”)
May show a distressing degree of emotional turmoil (similar to MMPI F
scale)
Interpret Y and Z if BR is above 74, but not low scores; no scores on the Y or Z make the
profile invalid due to scoring adjustments made for extremes
o Protocol can be invalidated based on V, W, or X.
40
MACI:
purpose and population
notes on scales?
Used for individuals age 13-19
o Uses same BR as MCMI-IV (below 60, do not interpret; above 74, clinically significant
presence of personality traits; above 85, personality d/o)
Personality scales are similar, and have different names to reflect personality patterns as
still developing rather than conceptualizing them as disorders (no equivalent to
Turbulent, Schizotypal, or Paranoid)
Personality Pattern Scales, Clinical Syndrome Scales, Expressed Concern scales
Read: M-PACI: Millon Pre-Adolescent Clinical Inventory
41
Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI)
| uses and unique features
in-depth personality inventory, like the MCMI, widely used, uses likert type scale not T/F
42
Behavioral Assessments: Achenbach scales
CBCL
TRF
YSR
Connors-3 purpose
advantages
CBCL: Child Behavior Checklist Parent Report ages
TRF: Teacher Self Report
(Separate forms for 6-18 vs. younger kids) (last two)
YSR: Youth Self Report
Connors-3 attention measurement, parent, teacher, self report
cross analysis - multiple reporters teachers, kids, parents
43
What do the TAT, CAT, Roberts-2, and TEMAS have in common?
story-telling cards, validity highly iffy, projective measures!
44
TAT limitations
racial bias, blurry? outdated
45
TAT: Murray's Needs Press Theory: Define Needs, Press, Thema, and Conflicts
Needs > drives within the person to influence motivation
o Press > forces in the person’s environment
o Thema> small unity of behavior that results from the interaction of needs and
press.
o Conflicts in personality are a constant struggle between needs and press and how
to mediate them
46
TAT: Define aperception
interpreting the environment and perceiving meaning of a situation.
47
TAT Read
```
Scoring system developed by Bellak, and includes 10 categories:
o Main theme
o Self-functioning of the hero
o Main needs and drives of the hero
o Conception of the world
o Interpersonal object relations
o Main conflicts
o Nature of fears, anxieties, and insecurities
o Main defense and coping mechanisms
o Superego functioning
o General ego functions
o Most useful for assessing interpe
```
48
TAT Most useful for...
assessing interpersonal relationships and how the individual views their
world...
Read: including aggression and hostility, motivations and perceptions, and coping
mechanisms and abilities.
49
Children’s Apperception Test (CAT) what is it and what pop
Basically the same as the TAT, but is for use with children age 3-10 and can use 10 cards
with images of either humans or animals
50
Senior Apperception Technique (SAT) what is it and what pop
More of the same as TAT or CAT, but used with individual’s age 65 and older.
o Uses 16 different cards that often look for themes of loneliness, uselessness, and death
51
Tell Me A Story (TEMAS) unique features and pop
Projective test, Used for individuals age 5-18
o Standard form for Caucasians and one for minorities (in general)
o Depicts urban scenes that children are more likely to relate to
o 23 images in total, with cards for males, females, and both
52
Roberts-2 what is it and unique features
Another story telling assessment, presenting youths with images of either African
American, Latino, or Caucasian children in social interactions.
o All 16 cards are administered to adolescents
o Most use subjective interpretation based on themes, but there is a standardized scoring
system.
53
Drawing Tasks (what remember about them) and read
Used with children and adults
• Aims to assess unconscious material by interpretation of content, omission of details,
added detail, quality of drawing, coloring/shading, size of drawing, process of drawing,
and location on the paper.
• Are non-verbal means of assessing personality; often lack validity and reliability due to
the subjective nature of interpretations.
• EX: House-Tree-Person, Kinetic Family Drawing
z-evidence based issues
54
What is the Rotter Incomplete Sentence Blank (RISB)?
Writing task: Individual completes 40 sentence prompts
o There is a scoring system but pulling themes out subjectively is often used
o A good measure in conjunction with other projective tests
o Four different forms for Child, High School, College, and Adult
55
R-PAS vs. CS
both systems currently function and are used, R-PAS newer and more normative evidence based data, more reliable and valid, less variables in R-PAS
56
R-PAS: Critical Content Responses (7 in total)
(MOR, MAP, AGM, Sx, Ex, Fi, An, Bl)
May be indicative of borderline or antisocial PD
57
Read Study Guide re: R-PAS
pps. 36-45
58
What are the five domains of R-PAS variables? (get most of them)
Admin Behaviors and Observation, Engagement and Cog Complexity, Perception and Thinking, Stress and Distress, and Self and Other Rep
59
IQ testing was first conducted by...
Sir Francis Galton in England (1869). He believed that tests of
sensory discrimination and motor coordination were related to intelligence (he was also a pioneer
of eugenics). Considered the Father of Psychometrically-based testing
Early testing was interested in giftedness and/or a way to distinguish normal from “retarded”
individuals.
60
In France, Binet and Simon developed the first IQ Test in 1908, for who?
children
Read: Lewis Terman (1916), a Stanford Psychologist, used Binet’s original test and
standardized it using a sample of American participants, and was published in 1916 as the
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and became the standard intelligence test for the United
States. Uses mental age divided by chronological age x 100.
61
In World War I, __ provided group testing for placement and fitness for duty of
soldiers
Robert Yerkes
Read: Army Alpha: verbal tasks (like Stanford-Binet)
• Army Beta: new set of nonverbal tasks
• These tests were inappropriate to use after the war to screen individuals such as
immigrants
62
Wechsler began developing IQ Tests when?
1930s
63
IQ Definitions: Elements
abstract thinking/reasoning, problem-solving, capacity to acquire knowledge,
memory, adaptations to environment, mental speed, linguistic competence.
64
IQ Definitions: Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory
involves two factors; general (g) and specific (s);
Every mental ability involves a “g,” which it shares with all other mental activities and
“s,” which is shared with none
o “g” is largely innate
o “s” is essentially learned
65
IQ Definitions: Cattel Horn Carrol (CHC)
Three Stratum Factor Analytic Theory of Cognitive Abilities
developed theory based on review of 465 research studies; many distinct individual
differences in intelligence relationships among differences classified into strata (levels);
65 Narrow Abilities; 8 Broad Factors; 1 General Ability (“g”).
66
IQ Definitions: Allport’s Trait Theory
Uniqueness of each individual; Allport defined personality as
“the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that
determine his characteristic behavior and thought.”
67
(Roughly) age ranges for WAIS, WISC, WASI, and WPPSI
WAIS (age 16-90); WISC-V (age 6-16); WASI-II (6-90); WPPSI (age 2-7)
68
Effects on WAIS scores due to brain damage:
Significant VCI-PRI differences; PSI is the most sensitive; PRI and WMI lower; Block
design is sensitive; Vocab and Information subtests are usually better preserved
Read: age the brain damage occurred, environmental variables,
education, location of the lesion, and whether the lesion is recent versus chronic may also impact IQ scores
69
Effects on WAIS score due to Alzheimers:
generally non-verbal most impacted. Processing speed
70
Effects on WISC scores due to ADHD:
lower PSI tests (Symbol Search, Coding); VMI typically not
| affected; Expect the WMI and PSI to be low; Typically have inter-subtest scatter
71
Effects on WAIS scores due to depression
Processing speed will likely be lower (PSI and WMI); non-verbal abilities are not usually
affected; Coding, Visual Puzzles, Figure Weights all tend to be low (VP and FW are
timed).
72
Effects of WAIS score due to learning disabilities (mostly read)
Majority of the test should be normal, but a low VCI.
• Discrepancy between FSIQ and Achievement or one WISC index (VCI or PRI) and area
of achievement.
• Lower PRI and NVLD
• Possibly weaker WMI, PSI, or PRI if the source of processing deficit
73
IQ Theory Thorndike
3 independent abilities
74
IQ Theory Gardener
multiple types of intelligence (social, physical, emotinoal artistic, etc.)
75
IQ Theory Sternberg
intelligence is adaptive, three types: creative, analytical, practical
76
IQ Theory Spearman
general intelligence g factor, with second factor s related to abilities in one specific domain
77
IQ Theory Thurstone
7 primary abilities (similar to Wechsler domains)
78
WAIS: Mean and SD's for scales scores and standard scores
Scaled Scores = results of subtests, converted from raw scores
Mean: 10; Standard Deviation: 3; Range: 1-19
Standard Scores = IQ and Index Scores (VCI, PRI, WMI, PSI)
Mean: 100; Standard Deviation: 15;
• Range: 40-160, FSIQ and 50-150, Index Scores
79
What are the four indecies on the WAIS?
o Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI)
o Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI)
o Working Memory Index (WMI)
o Processing Speed Index (PSI)
80
WAIS: what subtests make up the VCI?
Verbal Comp: Vocabulary, Similarities, Information, (Comprehension)
81
WAIS: what subtests make up the PRI?
Percept Reason: Block Design, Matrix Reasoning, Visual Puzzles, (Figure Weights, Figure Completion)
82
WAIS: what subtests make up the WMI?
Working Mem: Digit Span, Arithmetic, (Letter-Number Sequencing)
83
WAIS: what subtests make up the PSI?
Process Speed: Symbol Search, Coding, (Cancellation)
84
Read breakdown of WISC indeces and subtests
Index/Subtest
o Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI): Vocabulary, Similarities, Comprehension,
(Information)
o Visual Spatial Index (VSI): Block Design, Visual Puzzles
o Fluid Reasoning Index (FRI): Matrix Reasoning, Figure Weights, (Picture
Concepts, Arithmetic)
o Working Memory Index (WMI): Digit Span, Picture Span, (Letter-Number
Sequencing)
o Processing Speed Index (PSI): Coding, Symbol Search, (Cancellation)
Ancillary Index Scales and Supplemental Scales additional
85
DAS-II: purpose, population, particular advantages and disadvantages
intelligence test, designed to address processes that often underlie children’s
difficulties in learning and what scientists know about neurological structures
underlying these abilities
2 and a half - 17 and 11 months (3 different segments of ages)
Strengths: provides efficient, thorough, reasonable, and statistically reliable and
valid assessment cognitive abilities; Designed to enhance useful interpretation;
Covers a wide age range (from 2:6 to 7:11)
o Weaknesses: because it only extends to 17:11, it can be a nuisance when trying to
evaluate students in their last years of high school; The GCA is not a global
composite score (like the WAIS); can be quite complex and require training,
practice, and careful attention for administration
often used to avoid cultural bias that WISC has
86
Stanford-Binet 5 (SBV): purpose, population, advantages/disadvantages
intelligence test for children
Uses “adaptive testing” method where
scores on previous subtests determine starting point on subsequent tests; Measures 3
levels of intelligence—
o Level 1: Composite
o Level 2: Crystallize, Fluid, Short-Term Memory
o Level 3: Verbal, Quantitative, Abstract/Visual Reasoning
high ceiling that measures giftedness well
87
What kind of tests are the KABC-II, DAS-II, SBV, WASI-II?
intelligence tests, generally comprehensive, WJ-IV also has a Cognitive section for intel testing
Read: WJ-IV has high ceilings and floors, KABC and DAS generally good for multicultural pops
WASI is quicker and goes across huge age span, kids and adults, but data limited
88
DSM dx for intellectual disability
2 SD's below the mean on IQ
89
What kind of tests are the Vineland-3 and ABAS-3?
Adaptive Functioning measures
90
What are the general testing requirements for learning disorders?
Achievement testing. According to the DSM, if there are 2 SD discrepancy between IQ and Ach, then
highly probable learning disorder. EX: WRAT-4, Woodcock Johnson-III, WIAT-III.
91
What did IDEA 2004 (Individual with Disabilities Education Act) provide?
13 possible categories of disabilities to require students to receive services;
• All students must be provided with free appropriate public education;
• IEPs
AKA Public Law 94-142
Read: 504 plans are for general education, and IEP's are for special education
92
What was significant about Larry P. v Riles?
The court ruled against using IQ tests to assess placement of African American children
in Special Education classes in California and required proper account for cultural
background when making placement classifications
93
What is notable about these tests: TONI-4, Leiter-R, WNV.
all culturally sensitive tests, involve nonverbal reasoning and communication, most for ages as young as 5
Read: Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (TONI-4), Leiter International Performance Scale-Revised (Leiter-R), Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence, Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test, Wechsler Nonverbal Scale of Ability (WNV), Raven’s Progressive Matrices, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT)
94
What is the WIAT-III? population, # of subtests across how many domains? it is co-normed with what other tests?
An individually administered measure of oral language, written language, and
mathematics.
• For use with individuals age 4 to 50 years, 11 months; age and grade-based norms.
• 16 subtests across 4 domains
```
Read: 16 Total Subtests, including:
o Reading (5)
Total reading, basic reading, comprehension, and fluency
o Oral Language (2)
o Written Language (4)
o Mathematics (5)
```
co-normed with Wechsler scales - predictions and discrepancies
*did this with child participant*
95
What is the Woodcock-Johnson-III?
education achievement test
Read:
22 subtests; the first 12 form the standard battery, and the latter 10 form the extended
battery.
• Measures areas such as reading, math, written language, oral language, and academic
knowledge.
• Widely used in schools.
96
What is the WRAT-4? population and unique feature?
screening instrument for academic achievement.
• 4 subtests assessing reading, spelling, and math computation
• Used for ages 5 to 94 years, 11 months.
• Offers alternate blue and green forms
*did this with adult participant*
97
What kind of tests are the Beery-VMI and Bender-Gestalt?
Neuropsych screenings. visual-motor integration and visua-motor-spatial measures, some level of perception
CTMT is another example
For memory: Wechsler Memory scale (WMS-IV) (for adults, various memory and working memory aspects, ages 16-90) and Children's Memory Scale (CMS)
98
What do measures like the D-KEFS, NEPSY, Wisconsin Card Sort, BRIEF, and CEFI have in common?
They are executive functioning measures
99
The longer the test, the more __ it is
reliable
100
Reliability is a prerequisite for validity: T/F?
True
101
Split-half, Coefficient-alpha (Cronbach's alpha), or KR-20 is what kind of psychometric measure?
internal consistency reliability, acceptable range of consistency generally between .70 and .90
102
Alternate Forms reliability is the best measure of consistnecy: T/F?
False, it is the lowest estimate of reliability
103
Kuder-Richardson: a measurement of __ __
internal consistency, only used for tests that
| measure a pure, single variable
104
If the trait or ability measured is highly stable or if using test to make predictions, which kind of reliability is key?
Test-retest
105
when characteristics are highly susceptible to fluctuations, which kind of reliability is key?
internal consistency
106
Does a true/false format have lower reliability than a likert-type scale?
yes
107
Content validity is...
how representative and relevant the measure is to the construct being measured, includes face validity
108
Criterion validity is... and it encompasses what other two kinds of validity?
empirical or predictive validity, determined by comparing scores to outside measure, relationship known as a correlation coefficient
concurrent validity (taken at same time) and predictive validity (one measure taken later)
Read: synthetic validity entails synthesizing different steps of validity
109
Criterion contamination is when __ affects performance later on.
knowledge of test results
110
Construct validity is...
used to assess the extent to
which the test measures a theoretical construct or trait. includes convergent validity and divergent validity and factor analysis
Read:
Sensitivity: refers to the percentage of true positives that the instrument
has identified.
Specificity: is the relative percentage of true negatives.
multitrait-multimethod procedures important
111
The MMPI has separate norms for different groups such as age, race or ethnicity, SES, education, etc: T/F?
False
112
What's the statistic to describe inter- and intra-rater reliability?
Cohen's Kappa
113
Ethics: Length of a 5150
3 days (72 hrs)
114
Reportable? 15 and 20
No
Read:
Reportable only if one is age 21
or older and the other is under Age 16
Not reportable: Both ages between ages
14 and 18 (or 20)
115
Reportable? 15 and 21
Yes
Read:
Reportable only if one is age 21
or older and the other is under Age 16
Not reportable: Both ages between ages
14 and 18 (or 20)
116
Reportable? 16 and 21
No
Read:
Reportable only if one is age 21
or older and the other is under Age 16
Not reportable: Both ages between ages
14 and 18 (or 20)
117
Reportable? 13 and 14
Yes
Read:
Reportable only if one is age 21
or older and the other is under Age 16
Not reportable: Both ages between ages
14 and 18 (or 20)
118
Reportable? 14 and 20
No
Read:
Reportable only if one is age 21
or older and the other is under Age 16
Not reportable: Both ages between ages
14 and 18 (or 20)
119
Reportable? 15 and 17
No
Read:
Reportable only if one is age 21
or older and the other is under Age 16
Not reportable: Both ages between ages
14 and 18 (or 20)
120
Reportable? 16 and 22
No
Read:
Reportable only if one is age 21
or older and the other is under Age 16
Not reportable: Both ages between ages
14 and 18 (or 20)
121
Reportable? 13 and 19
Yes
Read:
Reportable only if one is age 21
or older and the other is under Age 16
Not reportable: Both ages between ages
14 and 18 (or 20)
122
5150 permits what?
5150s DO NOT authorize what?
Permits detention/transport (by law enforcement, ambulance, or other authorized person) of person to a facility for purpose of mental health assessment and evaluation. Not an automatic admission
Involuntary administration of medication or Involuntary medical treatment or procedures
Read: No patient right to hearing in the hospital during a 5150 hold. Peace officers can initiate 5150's
123
When a complaint is made by an APA member, the compliant must be filed within_____ years
after the alleged violation came to the complainants attention:
3 yrs
124
A Probable Cause Hearing for people who have been subjected to 14 day holds must take place within _____days of detention?
7 days
125
The ‘Playing Doctor” exception to child abuse reporting (which is somewhat in doubt because of changes in reporting law) required all of the following, except:
a. The children must be under 10
b. The children are close in age
c. There are no other indications of abuse
d. The sexual contact is voluntary
e. The children are not close blood relatives
a. The children must be under 10
126
Spousal abuse reporting has become mandated in what circumstances?
For health care practitioners providing medical services for physical conditions
127
Under California law (not HIPAA) how many days after written notice must a health care professional permit the inspection (or copying) of his or her records of mental health services to a client?
5 working days
128
Under the combined advice and requirements of the APA Record Keeping Guidelines, and California Law, how long should one keep records after a client is discharged?
Full records for __ years, or after a minor in treatment turns __.
7; 18
129
Both licensed psychologist and board-certified psychiatrist can supervise no more than __ psychological assistants at any given time
3
130
The California Business and Professions Code defines “psychologists” as all of the following EXCEPT:
a. a licensed psychologist
b. a psychometrist
c a psychological consultant
d. a licensed therapist
d. a licensed therapist
131
What does a Roger S hearing determine for children over age 14?
Whether the minor has a mental disorder, whether the minor will benefit from inpatient treatment, and whether the hospital is the least restrictive environment necessary for treatment of the minor at this time
The California Supreme Court held that children between 14 and 17 are entitled to due process hearings and many due process safeguards, including court-appointed counsel.
132
A mandated reporter of elder abuse shall report a reasonably suspected instance of abuse by telephone immediately or as soon as practically possible, and by written report sent within __ working days.
2
read: for children, by phone immediately too and in writing within 36 hrs
133
Which of the following is NOT true as regards the laws and regulations about Psychological Assistants (PAs):
a. Board-certified psychiatrists can employ a PA.
b Supervisors must inform the PA’s clients that the PA is not licensed and is an employee under the supervision of the licensed professional.
c. Supervisors may not charge the PAs for rent, or lease of office space.
d. Licensed psychologists may only employ or supervise up to two PAs, unless otherwise authorized by the Board.
d. Licensed psychologists may only employ or supervise up to two PAs, unless otherwise authorized by the Board
134
To become licensed in California, a psychologist must have:
a. Three years of supervised professional experience.
b. A doctorate degree in psychology, educational psychology, or a Masters degree in clinical psychology plus five years experience and specific training in assessment.
c. The required coursework in Human sexuality, Substance Abuse Detection and Treatment, Child abuse Assessment, and Domestic Violence Detection, Treatment and Intervention, and Aging and Long Term Care.
C
135
Psychologists, interns and psychological assistants are required to report lewd and lascivious acts against a 14 or 15 year old minor when the perpetrator is:
a 16 years of age or older
b. At least 10 years older than the minor, by birthdays
c. At least 5 years older than the minor.
d. 21 years old, or older.
B
136
If a person is licensed as a psychologist and lives in another state, how long can she offer
psychological services in California without violating the California licensing law?
30 days
137
An ethics committee refuses to process complaints when:
a. Two or more psychologists are involved in an intense interpersonal conflict.
b. The infraction involves acts that might conceivably be unethical, but are
difficult for ethics committees to investigate or evaluate.
c. The issues are related to non-ethical aspects of practice regarding acceptable standards.
True
138
Individuals who have been involuntarily committed for evaluation or treatment do have the right to:
a. File for Habeas Corpus
b. Refuse medication
c. See a patients rights advocate
They do not have the right to:
Leave the facility after 24 hours.
139
Read:
The general rule is that consensual sexual activity is NOT reportable. Listed below are the four main exceptions to this general rule:
Sexual intercourse between a minor under 16 (15 and younger) and an adult 21 and over.
Lewd or lascivious conduct where the minor is 14 or 15 years old and the adult at least 10 years older than the minor. In determining whether the person is at least 10 years older than the child, the difference in age shall be measured from the birth date of the person to the birth date of the child.
Any consensual sexual contact between minors where one is 14 years of age or older and one is under 14 years of age, which may apply to lewd touching if done with the intent of arousing, appealing to, or gratifying the lust, passions, or sexual desires of the person involved or the child.
Oral copulation and anal sex (sodomy) involving a minor, regardless of age
Sexual assault of a minor by a minor is reportable.
140
If a therapist fails to make a mandatory cps report, what could happen besides the fine and criminal charge?
The Licensing Board could bring disciplinary proceedings
141
Among other means, ethics codes are enforced by
Civil litigation of malpractice complaints and Licensing boards
142
Assume that a court decided to let the caller’s estate sue Dr. Winter (call killed themselves and estate suing Dr.). Which of the following would they not have to prove?
a. Dr. Winter fell below the standard of care.
b. Dr. Winter was acting as an expert in suicidality and its treatment.
B
143
If a member of a client’s family requests access to the client’s psychotherapy records, a psychologist must:
Read:
- Deny access if the client is a legally competent adult.
- Deny access to the parent or legal guardian of a minor child if the child has legally consented to his or her own treatment (for example, if the child sought treatment for drug and alcohol related issues).
- Deny access to the parent or legal guardian of the minor if you have clarified this ground rule at the outset of treatment, and if access would have a detrimental effect on the provider’s professional relationship with the minor or the minor’s psychological or physical well being.
144
Privilege applies only to legally-related proceedings. True or false?
true
145
A qualified primary supervisor of an intern may work at a different site as the intern and be available 0% of the time by appropriate means. True or false?
False, they must work in the same site as the intern, and be available 100% of the time by appropriate means
146
A psychology assistant position can be filled by someone who has:
a. Achieved candidacy for a doctorate degree in psychology or a related specialization in education (e.g., counseling psychologist)
b. Completed a doctoral degree from an accredited institution.
c. Has obtained at least 48 semester hours in a doctoral psychology or related degree in an educational program
d. All of the above.
D
147
5150 criteria read:
“as a result of a mental health disorder”•“is a danger to others, or to himself or herself, or gravely disabled,”a designated person may•“upon probable cause,” take . . . the person into custody for a period of up to 72 hours.
148
Which of two the following does LPS include?
I. Right to refuse medication if oral information about medication is not provided by a treating MHP.
II. Right to refuse psychosurgery and convulsive treatments.
III. Right to wear their own clothes.
II and III
149
Read:
Most post-graduate applicants will need to register with the Board as a Psychological Assistant. A Psychological Assistant may gain hours of experience under employment and supervision of a Psychologist in private practice, or a licensed physician and surgeon who is board certified in psychiatry by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology; or any of the above-mentioned exempt settings. (Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 2913.)
However, if the applicant possesses a doctorate degree with 1,500 hours of supervised experience, and works for a non-profit community agency which receives 25 percent or more of its funding from governmental sources, the applicant must register for employment as a Registered Psychologist. (Cal. Bus. & Prof. Code § 2909(d).
150
Read on supervision for licensure hours:
Supervision must be either individual or group for a minimum of one hour, or ten percent of the actual time worked per week, whichever is greater.
151
The APA Ethics code encourages psychologists not to file ethics complaints that are frivolous. This section was developed in an effort to...
Prevent the filing of complaints that are intended to harm the respondent rather than to protect the public.
152
In which of the following situations is a hospital prohibited from denying he substantive rights of an involuntary patient? When the situation would
a. pose a danger of injury to the patient.
b. contradict an essential component of the treatment plan.
c. seriously damage the facility
d. seriously infringe on the rights of others.
b. contradict an essential component of the treatment plan. (Otherwise, hospitals may deny substantive rights in these other situations.)
153
A client meets the criteria for involuntary hospitalization because she presents as suicidal. Assuming she continues to present as a danger to herself, what is the maximum amount of time she can be required to stay in the hospital?
31 days: 3 day 5150, 14 day 5250, and 14 more days if deemed to still be a danger to others or themselves, or is gravely disabled
154
A Temporary LPS Conservatorship can last a maximum of __ days.
180 days
Read: If during the LPS Temporary Conservatorship, the Public Guardian feels the conservatee will (for the foreseeable future) need to remain in locked psychiatric care - they can then seek to have the LPS Conservatorship changed from Temporary to General. With the appointment of a Permanent LPS Conservatorship (approved by the court) - the conservatee is now under the auspice / authority of the LPS Conservator for exactly 1 year.
155
If a mandated reporting incident happens across state lines, in what place do we call CPS?
in the state that the perpetrator lives (concerns current safety of people in connection to perpetrator)
156
Leaving marks in physical discipline provides more grounds for making a CPS report for child abuse in CA. True or false?
True. CA allows for corporal punishment but using implements or leaving marks/welts/bruises is more reportable.
157
If parents refuse certain medical interventions for religious reasons, it can be grounds for a CPS report. True or False?
False
158
Child pornography is __ reportable.
always
159
If therapists feel like their safety is threatened by clients, they are still obligated to see those clients. True or false?
False
160
subpoena from attorney
subpoena by court order from a judge
respond by asserting the privilege of ct if ct does not provide consent (note this without revealing that this specific person is your ct, keep response general)
required to provide info requested
required to a give a response regardless but may respond saying won't provide information requested depending on certain factors
