Main Flashcards

1
Q

In AWS, how do you protect pushes/merges from unauthorized users to the master branch (using Code Commit).

A

IAM Policy With Explicit Deny

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2
Q

A collection of build commands and related settings, in YAML format, that CodeBuild uses to run a build.

A

buildspec.yml

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3
Q

In CodeCommit, how do you authenticate users over https?

A
  1. Create IAM User
  2. Setup HTTP/SSH connection to CodeCommit through IAM user
  3. Authenticate through Git
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4
Q

How do you protect branches from unwanted commits?

A

IAM Policy With Explicit Deny

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5
Q

T/F: Code Commit contains several triggers and configurable notifications that can call SNS topics and Lambda functions in response to various activity within your repository.

A

T

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6
Q

The timeout range for AWS Code Build (How long a build can run before being marked failed)?

A

5 minutes to 8 hours

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7
Q

buildspec.yml: env

A

This optional parameter of the buildspec.yml file allows for variable declaration, parameter-store, exported variables, secrets-manager, et.al.

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8
Q

buildspec.yml: phases

A

This parameter of the buildspec.yml file allows you to designate commands that will occur during the install, pre_build, build, and post_build stages of the build/test.

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9
Q

buildspec.yml: artifacts

A

This parameter of the buildspec.yml file allows you to save various files after a build is done (S3).

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10
Q

buildspec.yml: cache

A

This parameter of the buildspec.yml file is used to store files which can speed up deployment during subsequent builds/tests.

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11
Q

buildspec.yml: finally

A

This parameter of the buildspec.yml file will allow you to designate commands to run even if prior commands fail.

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12
Q

buildspec.yml: override

A

You can specify env variables in buildspec.yml OR you can add them as environment variables ___________ when configuring a new build operation (from the console).

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13
Q

What two services can you utilize/integrate with your code build deployment to encrypt your environment variables during a build?

A

Parameter Store, Secrets manager

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14
Q

T/F: Code Build allows you to encrypt artifacts before your upload them to S3 (natively within Code Build)

A

T

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15
Q

How can you view your previous Code Build history if the docker container that was spun up to build your application has been terminated post-build?

A

Cloudwatch Logs

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16
Q

Single Target Deployment Strategy

A

Is exactly what it sounds. All resources go to one single server.

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17
Q

All at Once Deployment Strategy

A

Like Single Target Deployment Strategy but with multiple targets.

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18
Q

Minimum in-service Deployment Strategy

A

Deployment happens in multiple stages keeping the minimum number of services live before deploying the new version of the application

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19
Q

Rolling Deployment Strategy

A

X Number of deployments happen, then the next X number of deployments happen, etc

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20
Q

Blue Green Deployment Strategy

A

Add matching separate environment to existing environment then point domain to new environment. Once we can confirm the new (or green) environment is working, blue then shuts down.

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21
Q

Canary Deployment Strategy

A

Like Blue Green deployment, but it slowly adds users to the new deployment environment.

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22
Q

Cloudformation Parameters

A

Variables in Terraform essentially. Variables to pass through at runtime.

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23
Q

Cloudformation Mapping

A

Key value pairs that change per environment (for example) that are automatically determined. These defer from parameters because these values can not be passed into the build at runtime by a user/program.

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24
Q

Cloudformation Resources

A

Where your actual resources are declared

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25
Q

Cloudformation Outputs

A

Results from the template. Think ‘data’ from Terraform

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26
Q

Intrinsic Function !FindInMap

A
Get mapping of a variable.  Example:
Properties:
  ImageId: !FindInMap
    - RegionMap
    - API64
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27
Q

Intrinsic Function !Base64

A

Returns base64 representation of the input string

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28
Q

Intrinsic Function !CiDr

A

Returns an array of CIDR address blocks. Example:

!Cidr [ ipBlock, count, cidrBits]

29
Q

Intrinsic Function !GetAtt

A

Returns the value of an attribute from a resource in the template. Example:
!GetAtt logicalNameOfResource.attributeName

30
Q

Intrinsic Function !GetAZs

A

Returns an array that lists Availability Zones for a specified region. Example
!GetAZs {region}

31
Q

Intrinsic Function !ImportValue

A

Returns the value of an output exported by another stack. Example:
!ImportValue sharedValueToImport

32
Q

Intrinsic Function !Join

A

Appends a set of values into a single value, separated by the specified delimiter.

33
Q

Intrinsic Function !Select

A

Returns a single object from a list of object

34
Q

Intrinsic Function !Split

A

Splits string into an array

35
Q

Intrinsic Function !Sub

A

Substitutes variables in an input string with values you specify.

36
Q

Intrinsic Function !Transform

A

Specifies a macro to perform custom processing on part of a stack template.

37
Q

Intrinsic Function !Ref

A

Returns the value of the specified parameter or resource

38
Q

Cloudformation DependsOn

A

Controls resource creation order within Cloudformation. In other words, it specifies the following resource is a dependancy.

39
Q

Cloudformation Creation Policies

A
Prevent a resource from reaching create complete until AWS CloudFormation receives a specified number of success signals or the timeout period is exceeded.
Example:
CreationPolicy:
  resourceSignal:
    Count: '3'
    Timeout: PT15M
40
Q

CloudFormation Wait Conditions & Handlers

A

Allows you to coordinate stack resource creation with other configuration actions that are external to the stack.

41
Q

CloudFormation: The 4 components of wait conditions:

A
  1. They depend on the resources you are waiting on
  2. A handle property references the above handle
  3. They have a response timeout
  4. They have a ‘count’, if none is specified the default is 1
42
Q

CloudFormation why are Nested Stacks a thing?

A

Split up huge sets of infrastructure to be split over multiple templates.

43
Q

CloudFormation: What are resource deletion policies?

A

Property defined in a cloud formation template to control what happens to each resource when a stack is deleted. Values can include: Delete, Retain, Snapshot

44
Q

CloudFormation: How are resources impacted when a template gets updated?

A

Depends on the resource. They can experience complete replacement, some interruptions, no interruptions, or be deleted.

45
Q

What are CloudFormation Change Sets?

A

A preview of CloudFormation template changes.

46
Q

CloudFormation: What are custom resources?

A

Custom resources enable you to write custom provisioning logic in templates. In other words, extend CloudFormation beyond AWS.

47
Q

Can you create an Elastic Beanstalk configuration outside of the supported languages?

A

Potentially yes. Elastic Beanstalk supports docker containers which could be used inside elastic beanstalk.

48
Q

Elastic Beanstalk: What are EB extensions?

A

They allow advanced environment customization with configuration files that also allow developers to configure the systems being deployed automatically. They are YAML or JSON formatted and are placed in a folder called .ebextensions

49
Q

What are the main purposes of AWS Config?

A

To give you an overview of resources being used over several accounts. You can set rules to monitor, assess, and track changes as well as keep track of changes that have happened to each account.

50
Q

What is AWS Managed Services?

A

Provides ongoing management of your AWS infrastructure so you can focus on your applications.

51
Q

What are AWS lambda step functions?

A

A service that allows you to orchestrate your lambda functions. A reliable way to step through the functions that power your application in a particular order that you require.

52
Q

OpsWorks: What is Berkshelf?

A

A dependency management system for Chef.

53
Q

What is OpsWorks?

A

Essentially Ansible for AWS. It uses Chef recipes to deploy servers/run scripts and keeps all application components in the same area.

54
Q

CloudWatch Retention time for data points with a period of under 60 seconds

A

3 hours

55
Q

CloudWatch Retention time for data points with a period of 60 seconds

A

15 days

56
Q

CloudWatch Retention time for data points with a period of 300 seconds (5 minutes)

A

63 days

57
Q

CloudWatch Retention time for data points with a period of 3600 seconds (1 hour)

A

445 days (15 months)

58
Q

(T/F) CloudWatch: Data points published with shorter periods get aggregated together for long term storage.

A

T: They will get averaged together by each retention period level.

59
Q

Give a brief overview of how to report logs in CloudWatch (3 High level steps)

A
  1. Install Agent
  2. Configure agent to sync log file
  3. Turn on Service
60
Q

What is AWS X-Ray?

A

It’s AWS’s application monitoring tool like Instana. Must be configured with an application.

61
Q

What is AWS Service Catalog?

A

A more granular way of granting access to products within AWS.

62
Q

What is AWS Trusted Advisor?

A

A service that provides you with real-time guidance to ensure your aws resources are provisioned and managed correctly, and are following AWS best practices.

63
Q

What is the prefix for an On-Premise instance managed in AWS Systems Manager?

A

mi

64
Q

What is AWS Systems Manager?

A

A way to manage on premise machines and aws ec2 instances by grouping. It also gives the ability to organize inventory and run commands based on defined grouping.

65
Q

What is AWS Organizations?

A

Basically AD for managing multiple AWS Organization accounts (dev, prod, ops, etc) in AWS.

66
Q

What is AWS Secrets Manager?

A

Secret store that is accessed through https.

67
Q

What is Amazon Macie?

A

A managed service that gives you a dashboard of data activity. Alerts can also be setup for data anomalies. Can only be configured for s3 at the moment.

68
Q

What is AWS Certificate Manager?

A

Manager that is used to create or import new TLS/SSL certificates.

69
Q

What is Amazon GuardDuty?

A

A threat detection service that continuously monitors for malicious or unauthorized behavior. Monitors things like unusual api calls, unauthorized deployments, and compromised instances.