Mahatma Gandhi And The National Movement

Question 1

What are the 3 causes that led to the Non-cooperation Movement?

Answer 1

1. Rowlatt Act
2. Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy
3. Khilafat Movement

Question 2

What is the Rowlatt Act?

Answer 2

1. It is also called the Black Act.
2. It was headed by Justice Rowlatt, two bills were introduced in the central legislature in February, 1919.
3. The purpose of the Bills was to curb the growing upsurge in the country.
4. The Rowlatt Act Implied:
   I. Arrest of a person without warrant.
   II. In camera trial.
   III. Restrictions on movement of individuals.
   IV. Suspension of the Right of Habeas Corpus.

Question 3

What is the Jallianwala Bagh Tragedy?

Answer 3

1. A large but peaceful crowd gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on April 13, 1919, to protest against the arrest of leaders like Dr. Saifuddin kitchlu and Dr. Satya pal.
2. Jallianwala Bagh had only one exit, its other three sides were enclosed by buildings.
3. General Dyer, the military commander of Amritsar surrounded the Bagh with his soldiers.
4. After closing the exit with his troops, he ordered them to shoot at the crowd.
5. The troops kept on firing till their ammunition was exhausted.
6. About one thousand demonstrators were killed and many more wounded. The conscience of the nation was shaken at the massacre of the innocent people.
7. On learning about this gruesome massacre, Rabindranath Tagore renounced his Knighthood

Question 4

What is the Khilafat Movement?

Answer 4

1. In the first world war Turkey was defeated and the Ottoman Empire was divided.
2. The Sultan of Turkey, who was the Caliph was deprived of all authority.
3. The Caliph was looked upon by large sections of Muslims as their religious head.
4. They felt that any weakening of the Caliph’s position would greatly affect the position of the Muslims.
5. In the first world war, the British fought against Turkey.
6. The Muslim population in India started a powerful agitation known as the Khilafat Movement, under the leadership of the Ali Brothers - Mohammed Ali and Shaukat Ali.

Question 5

Name the Ali Brothers.

Answer 5

Mohammed Ali and Shaukat Ali

Question 6

What are the activities done during the Non-cooperation Movement?

Answer 6

1. Students left schools and colleges.
2. Charkhas were manufactured for the people to spin cloth. Gandhiji himself started spinning.
3. Shops selling foreign goods and liquor were picketed. Foreign cloth was burnt in market places.
4. People contributed generously to finance the movement.