Magnification And Resolution Flashcards
What are Centrioles
Structures found in the cytoplasm made of mitrotubules that produce spindle fibres during mitosis
What do Centrioles produce
Spindle fibres
What are chloroplasts
Organelles found in plants and algae that are the site of photosynthesis
What are cilia
Small hair like structures that project from the surface of cells
What is a cytoskeleton
A mesh of protein fibres found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells used for structural support and intercellular transport
What’s a eukaryotic cell
A type of cell that contains a nucleus along with membrane bound organelles
What is a Golgi apparatus
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that’s involved in the modification and packaging of proteins
What are lysosomes
Membrane bound vesicles found in the cytoplasm that contains a digestive enzyme (lysozyme)
What are mitochondrion
An organelle in eukaryotic cells responsible for aerobic respiration and produce atp
What’s the nuclear envelope
A double membrane surrounding the nucleus
What’s the nucleolus
A structure found inside the nucleus that contains proteins and RNA and is involved in synthesising new ribosomes
What’s the nucleus
An organelle found in eukaryotic cells that stores genetic information
What’s a prokaryotic cell
A type of cell that doesn’t contain any membrane bound organelles
What are ribosomes
Organelles that can be found either free in the cytoplasm or membrane bound that involved in protein synthesis
What’s the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
A membrane bound organelle involved in synthesis and packaging proteins
What’s the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
A membrane bound organelle involved in lipid synthesis
What’s magnification
How much bigger an image appears in comparison to the original object
What’s the magnification formula
Image size= actual size x magnification or Magnification= image size/ actual size or Actual size= image size/ magnification
What’s resolution
The ability to distinguish two different points in a specimen
What’s a scanning electron microscope (SEM)
A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons over the surface of a specimen
What’s a transition electron microscope (TEM)
A type of microscope that passes a beam of electrons through a sample
What’s the benefit of a microscope with high resolution
The higher the resolution the better it is able to separate objects that are close together and provide a clear and detailed image
What factors determine the magnification of a microscope
The type of lens, the distance between the lens and object and the size of the eyepiece
Other than the magnification formula what’s is another way to calculate the actual size of a sample
Using a stage micrometer and a eyepiece graticule
(For example, a stage micrometer has the division of 0.1mm, within the 0.1 division there are 40 divisions of the eyepiece graticule (this can range) you would then divide 0.1 by 40. 0.1/ 40= 0.0025 x 1000 = 25 micrometers )
List some benefits of using a light microscope
It’s cheap to run, fast to use and can be used on both alive and dead samples
List some negatives of using a light microscope
The image will only be presented as 2D, it has a low resolution (200 nanometers) and has a low magnification (1500x)
List some benefits of the transmission electron microscope (TEM)
It has a high resolution (0.2nm) and a high magnification (500000x)
List some negatives of using a TEM
It’s expensive, time consuming and can only use dead and thin samples
List some benefits of the SEM
It has a high resolution (10nm) and a high magnification (100000x) and can view a sample in 3D
List some negatives of the SEM
It’s expensive, time consuming and can only be used on dead samples
Compare the TEM and SEM benefits and negatives
Both the TEM and SEM are expensive to use and are time consuming, both microscopes can only be used to view dead samples. However the SEM can be used on both thick or thin samples whereas the TEM can only be used to view thin samples. Both microscopes will also only produce a black and white image. The TEM however has a higher resolution (0.2nm) and a higher magnification (500000x) meaning it’s easier to distinguish between 2 close points while using the TEM while also being able to view them at a closer range. The SEM while stilling having a high resolution and magnification only has a resolution of 10nm and a magnification of 100000x meaning in comparison to the TEM it would be harder to distinguish between 2 points and you wouldn’t be able to view the sample as close up. Along with this the TEM can only produce a 2D image whereas the SEM can produce a 3D image.
State 3 differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
- Eukaryotic cells have membrane bound organelles whereas prokaryotic cells have no membrane bound organelles
- Eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus where as prokaryotic cells tend to have a free floating chromosome
- Some eukaryotic cells have a capsule but eukaryotic cells do not.
Do animal cells have a cell wall
No
List 3 similarities between plant and animal cells
They both have a cell membrane, nucleus and ribosomes
List 3 differences between plant and animal cells
Plant cells contain a vacuole, cell wall and chloroplasts
