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Geophysics > Magnetism > Flashcards

Magnetism Flashcards

1
Q

alternative to magnetic induction for the fundamental magnetic field vector B

A

Magnetic Flux Density

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2
Q

Wrote the earliest known experimental physics

A

Petrus Peregrinus (Willian Gilbert)

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3
Q

The book written by W. GIlbert about the earliest known treatise of fundamental physics

A

de Magnete

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4
Q

the reason why magnetic compasses did not point exactly to the geographical north

A

Magnetic Declination

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5
Q

Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism declination was the principal cause of error in map making.

A

Mercator

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6
Q

Theorized The magnetized needle assumed a non horizontal attitude in the vertical plane

A

Georg Hartmann

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7
Q

The deviation from the horizontal

A

Magnetic inclination

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8
Q

continuous drift in the intensity and direction of the field. reflects changes in the earth’s interior over time

A

Secular Variation

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9
Q

observed that magnetic needle is deflected at right angles to conductor carrying a current; electrical current produces magnetic force

A

Hans Christian Oersted

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10
Q

proposed that electrical currents were responsible for the existence of magnetism in iron objects

A

Ampere

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11
Q

Magneto electric induction

A

M. Faraday

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12
Q

static magnetism was carried by magnetic charges

A

C. F. Gauss

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13
Q

Magnetic Declination: compass points to the east

A

positive

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14
Q

Magnetic Declination: compass points to the east

A

negative

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15
Q

declination value is constant

A

isogonic lines

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16
Q

lines along declination value is zero

A

Agonic Lines

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17
Q

Angle formed between the earth’s surface and planet’s magnetic lines

A

Magnetic Declination

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18
Q

Mag Inclination: Upward

A

-

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19
Q

Mag inclination downward

A

+

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20
Q

property of material that are repelled by a magnetic field

A

Diamagnetic

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21
Q

Diamagnetic Minerals

A

Quartz, Calcite

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22
Q

Parallel to the magnetic field but weak attraction, susceptibility is reversible, small and positive.

A

Paramagnetism

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23
Q

weakly attracted to magnetic field

A

Paramagnetism

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24
Q

Magnetization of a paramagnetic material is directly proportional to the applied magnetic field (B) and inversly proportional to the Temperature (T) in Kelvin

A

Curie’s Law

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25
Q

Examples of Paramagnetic Minerals

A

Clay minerals, chlorite, amphibole, px, olivine

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26
Q

becomes magnetized and remains magnetized

A

Ferromagnetism

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27
Q

Residual magnetization is called

A

Remanence (Isothermal Remanent Magnetization)

28
Q

When a ferromagnetic material is heated, its spontsnrous magnetization dissapears at ______

A

Curie Temp

29
Q

Mag moments align antiparallel to each other. This alignment leads to cancellation of the magnetic moments

A

Antiferromagnetism

30
Q

Mineral: Antiferromagnetism

A

llmenite

31
Q

temp at which an antiferromagnetic material undergoes a phase transition from an ordered state (A-Ferromagntism) to disordered state (Paramagnetic State)

A

Neel Temperature

32
Q

Crystals contains defects, vacancies, or impurites

A

Parasitic Ferromagnetism

33
Q

Example of parasitic ferromagnetism mineral

A

hematite

34
Q

Antiparallel and unequal in magnitude. Net magnetic moment smaller than that of ferromagnetic material

A

Ferrimagnetism

35
Q

Mineral: Ferrimagnetism

A

Magnetite

36
Q

Magnetic behavior is not uniform in all directions but depends on the orientation with respect to a preferred axis.

A

Magnetic Anisotropy

37
Q

Matrix minerals are mainly composed of

A

Silicates and Carbonates

38
Q

Silicates and Carbonates exhibits what magnetism

A

Diamagnetic

39
Q

Secondary minerals

A

CLay minerals, paramagnetic

40
Q

Magnetic property of rock is determined by_________

A

concentration of ferrimagnetic minerals

41
Q

The most important magnetic minerals and ar naturally occurring ferrites

A

Iron-titanium oxides

42
Q

low-temperature oxidation of titanomagnetite

A

Titanomaghemite

43
Q

T or F: Hematite in a higher state of oxidation than wustite

A

True

44
Q

Close-packed lattice of oxygen ions, in which some of the interstitial spaces are occupied by regular arrays of ferrous (Fe2+) and ferric (Fe3+) iron ions and titanium (Ti4+) ions

A

iron–titanium oxides

45
Q

When there’s more titanium (x) in these minerals on the he Titanomagnetite Series, cell size _____, curie temperature ______.

A

Increases, decreases

46
Q

referred to as “hemoilmenite,” “hematite-ilmenite” or “ilmenohematite
have the general formula Fe2–xTixO3 where compositional parameter x has the same implications for the titanium content of the unit cell

A

Titanohematite Series

47
Q

Third series but quite rare and are of minor importance in rock magnetism. paramagnetic at room temperature

A

Pseudobrookite

48
Q

on Neel Temperature
antiferromagnetism disappears is around ______

A

320 C

49
Q

As Ti content increases, spontaneous magnetization________

A

decreases

50
Q

Which of the following minerals have the lowest Curie temperature?
a. hematite b. goethite c. maghemite d. magnetite

A

C. Maghemite

51
Q

A remanence acquired at or close to the time of formation of the rock is called a

A

Primary Magnetization

52
Q

a remanence acquired at a
later time is called a

A

Secondary Magnetization

53
Q

The most important type of remanent magnetization in igneous

A

thermoremanent magnetization (TRM).

54
Q

Occurs when rock cools below Curie temperature of ferrimagnetic minerals

A

Thermoremanent magnetization (TRM)

55
Q

Acquired during settling through still water
Particles align with ambient magnetic field similar to a compass needle

A

Sedimentary remanent magnetization

56
Q

T or F : TRM is a very
unstable magnetization which can exist unchanged for long intervals of geological time.

A

False

57
Q

may be caused by chemical change of the rock during diagenesis or
weathering, or by sampling and laboratory procedures.

A

Secondary remanences

58
Q

is formed when the magnetic minerals in a rock suffer
chemical alteration or when new minerals form authigenically.

A

Chemical remanent magnetization

59
Q

induced in a rock sample by placing it in a
magnetic field at constant temperature.

A

Isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM)

60
Q

arises when a material undergoes mechanical
deformation while in a magnetic field. The process of deformation may result from hydrostatic
pressure, or directed tectonic stress.

A

Piezoremanent magnetization (PRM)

61
Q

shock remanent magnetization (SRM)
observed in

A

Meteor impacts

62
Q

Piezoremanent magnetization (PRM) arises when a material undergoes mechanical
deformation while in a magnetic field. The process of deformation may result from hydrostatic
pressure, or directed tectonic stress.

A

Primary

63
Q

Secondary of Primary: Anhysteretic remanent magnetization (ARM) can be produced in a rock sample by placing it
in a coil that carries an alternating magnetic field, whose amplitude is then slowly reduced to
zero.

A

Secondary

64
Q

Primary or Secondary: Piezoremanent magnetization (PRM) arises when a material undergoes mechanical
deformation while in a magnetic field.

A

Primary

65
Q
A

Geophysics (4 decks)

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