Magnetic forces and fields Flashcards
What is a magnet?
A magnet is anything capable of producing a magnetic field. Magents are influence by external magnetic fields.
What are the two types of magnets?
Permanent magnets and electromagnets
What is a permanent magnet?
A permanent magnet(bar magnets) is formed by ferromagnetic substances such as iron, nickel, cobalt, and iron alloys
What is a pole?
A region where a bar magnet has the greatest influence on other magnets. Every magnet is bipolar meaning it has a Botha dn South Pole. Bar magnets are often referred to as magnetic dipoles.
What is the Law of Magnetism?
Like poles repel and opposite poles attract
Magnetic dipoles tend to align with ___________________.
the direction of the external magnetic field.
What is the domain theory of Magnetism?
All ferromagnetic substances are made up of tiny, magnetic domains. Each domain behaves like a tiny bar magnet.
In what direction will the tip of a compass needle always point towards?
The tip of the compass needle will point towards the south magnetic pole(north geographic pole)
What is an unmagnetized state?
Domains are randomly oriented and the combined magnetic effects cancel each other off.
What is a magnetized state?
When placed in an external magnetic field, the domains will align themselves with the magnetic field. This process if called induced magnetization.
What did Hans Oersted accidentally discover?
A relationship between electricity and magnetism.
What are electromagnets?
Electromagnets produce magnetic fields as a result of movingg charges through conducting wires. Each individual moving charge generates a magnetic field around itself.
Which hand rule is applied to straight current carrying wires?
first hand rule
For the first hand rule, what does thumb represent.
Thumb points in direction of current
For the first hand rule, what does thumb represent.
Thumb points in direction of current`
What is the second hand rule applied for?
Loops or coils of a wire.
How can the magnetic field intensity inside of a solenoid be increased(3 ways)?
- Increasing the number of loops within a specific region
- Increasing the current through the wire(such as hooking up a stronger battery or using a material with higher conductivity and less resistance)
- Placing a ferromagnetic core inside the solenoid
What is a magnetic deflecting force?
When the magnetic field of a moving charge interacts with an external magnetic field, the charge is subject to a deflecting magnetic force.
For the third hand rule what does your thumb, finger, and palm represent?
Fingers: external magnetic field
Thumb: velocity of the particle
Palm: magnetic force
What is 1T equal to?
1.0 kg/Cs
What is the purpose of the mass spectrometer?
Separates charged particles according to their masses
What is an isotope?
Same number of protons and different number of neutrons. Number beside the isotope indicates the number of protons and neutrons combined.
What are the 4 stages of the mass spectrometer?
- Ion source
- Accelerator
- Velocity selctor
- Detection chamber
What does the ion source do?
Heats up the sample and breaks it into smaller fragments. It also ionizes each fragment by removing some electrons
What does the accelerator do?
High voltage parallel plates accelerate a beam of ions into the velocity selector?
What does a velocity selector do?
velocity selector only allows one type of ion with a specific charge, mass, and speed to pass through. Has crosses electric and magnetic fields inside which are arranged perpendicular to one another
What does the detection chamber do?
- Magnetic field deflects ions in a. circular path(note: there is no electric field)
- Ion detector marks point where ion contacts the detector plate
- Mass of isotope found from radius of circular path
What are van allen radiation belts?
When a charged particle enters a large magnetic field at an angle between 0 and 90 degrees, the particles will spiral along the field lines towards the poles. Collisions between charged particles from the sun and atmospheric gases creates the northern and southern lights.
