Magnesium

Question 1

What are high/intermediate sources of magnesium?

Answer 1

High - green leafy veggies

Intermediate - meats, starches and milk

Question 2

What is the normal serum mg level?

Answer 2

1.8 - 2.3mg/dl. [1.5 – 2.5 mEq/L]

Question 3

what organs regulate ICF & ECF Mg?

Answer 3

Kidney, GI tract and bone (50-60% of Mg found in bone.

Question 4

What association do PTH, decreased excretion of Na or Ca, and fluid volume deficit have on the excretion of Mg?

Answer 4

PTH - decrease excretion of Mg.

Decreased excretion of Na or Ca - decrease excretion of Mg.

Question 5

What are the main causes of Hypomagnesemia?

Answer 5

GI loss
Intracellular shift
Decreased GI absorption
Increased urinary loss.
Prolong administration of MG free PN

Question 6

Two example of increased GI loss

Answer 6

Prolong vomiting or gastric suction

Prolong diarrhea

Question 7

Factors/condition that cause intracellular shift of Mg.

Answer 7

Insulin
Catecholamine
Hungry bone syndrome

Question 8

Examples of malabsorption syndrome

Answer 8

Cancer
Colitis
Pancreatic insufficiency
Surgical resection of GI tract

Question 9

Described the process in diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) or poorly diabetes that causes hypokalemia?

Answer 9

Mg moves out of cell and loss in the urine because of osmostic diuresis from glucosuria

Question 10

Describe the process where hypomagnesemia may cause hypocalcemia.

Answer 10

Hypomagnesemia may cause hypocalcemia by reducing the release and the action of PTH, which is a primary regular of Ca.

Question 11

Describe the process where hypomagnesemia may lead to hypokalemia.
b) what measures should be done with or before the use of potassium supplements to correct hypokalemia?

Answer 11

a) Mg is essential for the proper function of the Na/K pump. In hypokalemia, the body is unable to pump K into the cell–> resulting in the loss of K in the urine.
b) Use of Mg supplementation to correct hypomagesemia. Use of Mg supplementation before or with K supplementation.

Question 12

Hypomagesemia is associated with:

a) hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia
b) hypokalemia and hypercalcemia
c) hypocalcemia and hypokalemia
d) none of the above

Answer 12

c) hypocalcemia and hypokalemia

Question 13

What condition usually results in hypermagnesemia?

Answer 13

Individuals with renal failure with increase Mg intake.

Question 14

Mg is essential in 3 systems

Answer 14

1. transmission of neuromuscular activity
2. neural transmission within the CNS
3. myocardial functioning