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GCSE AQA Dt > Mafactured and Natural Timbers > Flashcards

Mafactured and Natural Timbers Flashcards

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1
Q

Define hardwood

A

DECIDUOUS tree so the ones with leaves
Takes 80 to 120 years to grow
More expensive

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2
Q

Define softwood

A

EVERGREEN or CONIFEROUS trees so the ones with needles that they keep all year round
Takes 25 years to grow
Cheaper

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3
Q

Define felling

A

cutting down a tree (via axe or chainsaw)

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4
Q

List types of hardwood

A

Ash, Beech, Mahogany, Oak, Balsa

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5
Q

Describe properties of hardwood

A

less porous
denser
hard wearing
less prone to rotting
heavy (EXCEPT for Balsa)
high demand means more illegal deforestation of hardwood trees :(
can be used outdoors due to lack of rotting

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6
Q

Appearance, characteristics and uses of ash hardwood

A 
pale brown/cream
flexible
tough
shock resistant
laminates well
used in sports equipment and tool handles (hammer handle)
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7
Q

Appearance, characteristics and uses of beech hardwood

A 
dense/close grain
pinky hue
fine finish
tough
durable
used in kids toys and models, furniture and veneers (the layer of real wood placed on top of fake wood)
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8
Q

Appearance, characteristics and uses of mahogany hardwood

A 
rich, reddish brown
easily worked
durable
finishes well
aesthetically pleasing and warm
used in high end furniture and joinery and veneers
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9
Q

Appearance, characteristics and uses of oak hardwood

A 
light brown
interesting variable grain
tough
hard
durable
high quality finish possible
used in flooring, furniture, veneers
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10
Q

Appearance, characteristics and uses of balsa hardwood

A

pale cream/white colour
open grained
large and unusually fast growing hardwood tree
very soft, spongy
very lightweight but can snap in thin sections
used in prototyping and modelling (model aircrafts)

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11
Q

Describe properties of softwood

A 
more porous cell structure
can begin to rot due to moisture absorption (but some have natural oils to protect from rotting like CEDAR)
used indoors as a result
less colour availability
easy to add stain
cheap and readily available
grown a lot in Europe and Scandinavia
used in construction industry
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12
Q

Which hardwood tree is unlike the rest? Why?

A

Balsa wood

Because it’s fast growing and lightweight

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13
Q

List some types of softwood

A

Larch, Cedar, Pine, Spruce

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14
Q

Appearance, characteristics and uses of larch softwood

A 
pale/reddish brown
contrasting grain
durable
tough
good water resistance
good surface finish
issues with loose knots
used in exterior cladding. flooring, machined mouldings and furniture
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15
Q

What’s knots in tree terms?

A

parts where the branch of the tree was

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16
Q

Appearance, characteristics and uses of pine softwood

A

pale yellow or pale brown colour
attractive grain that darkens with age
lightweight
easy to work
can split and be resinous (sticky) near knots
used in interior construction and exterior if treated, used in cheaper looking furniture and decking

17
Q

What is grain in tree terms?

A

the longitudinal arrangement of fibres in wood

18
Q

Appearance, characteristics and uses of spruce softwood

A 
white/cream colour
fine even grain
easy to work
high stiffness to weight ratio
varied results when staining
used in construction, furniture and musical instruments like the guitar
19
Q

What wood are garden sheds made of? Why? (HINT: it’s softwood) z

A

Pine or spruce

because both are fairly cheap and easy to work

20
Q

What are the 3 types of wood?

A

hardwood, softwood and manufactured boards

21
Q

Define manufactured boards

A

usually sheets of processed natural timber waste products or veneers combined with adhesives

22
Q

Define veneer

A

thin slices of high quality wood to give the appearance of a solid wood
usually applied to softwoods with hardwood veneers or manufactured boards with any timber veneer

23
Q

Define timber

A

wood prepared for use in carpentry (repairing wooden things) and building

24
Q

What are manufactured boards made from?

A

waste wood, low grade timber or recycled timber + adhesive

25
Q

Appearance, characteristics and uses of medium density fibreboard (MDF)

A 
smooth
dull
light brown finish
lots of veneers available
rigid and stable
good value for money (cheap but works)
smooth finish
very absorbent so not good in high humidity or damp areas
used in ikea furniture building sets, toys, internal construction
26
Q

Appearance, characteristics and uses of plywood

A

alternating layers of natural grain veneers with outer material usually of higher quality for aesthetics
VERY STABLE in ALL DIRECTIONS due to alternate layering at 90 degrees (outside layers run in same direction)
thin flexible versions available (Flexiply)
used in furniture, shelving, toys, construction
can be used in marine work if altered for greater water resistance

27
Q

Appearance, characteristics and uses of chipboard

A

and uses of chipboard
pale grey/brown colour
no natural grain
normally laminated or covered (Eg/with Formica for laminate)
good compressive strength
NOT water resistant (unless treated)
good value for money but prone to chipping on edges and corners
used for flooring, low end furniture, kitchen units and worktops

28
Q

Which timbers are BAD in wet, damp conditions?

A

Softwood and manufactured boards if not treated

EXCEPTIONS: Cedar is good for outdoor use and is used for roof shingles (tiling on roofs)

29
Q

Which wood would you use to make a shelf?

A

Plywood

because of its all angles stability as a result of its 90 degrees formation and construction layering

30
Q

State 2 ways softwoods and manufactured boards can be made to look like more expensive hardwoods

A

add a hardwood veneer on top

stain the wood to get darker colour which is common for hardwoods

31
Q

How do you make plywood?

A

It consists of layers of wood glued together at right angles to each other which is called LAMINATING and plywood is strong because of grain of the timber being glued together in different directions

32
Q

How can you alter the aesthetic of wood?

A

staining, varnishing, oiling, waxing, painting, laminating, veneers

33
Q

What wood is flat-pack furniture made of? (HINT: ikea furniture sets)

A

Chipboard/MDF
it’s made of small particles of timber and dust bound together by resin and is coated meaning the furniture is waterproof

GCSE AQA Dt (1 decks)

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