Madrigals Flashcards
Villancico
- The most important form of secular polyphonic music in Renaissance Spain
- Diminutive of ‘villano’ (peasant)
- Composed for Aristocracy
- Short
- Strophic
- Syllabic
- Homophonic
Frottola
- italian counterpart to the villancico
- 4 part
- strophic
- homophonic
- melody in upper parts
- simple diatonic harmony (root-position triads)
- meant to sing poetry
- lower parts add harmonic foundation
- mock-popular songs for courtly elite
Madrigal
- Most important secular music
- enriched meaning and impact of the text
- new effects of declamation, imagery, expressivity, characterization, and dramatization
- led to opera
- single stanza w/ 7 or 11 syllable lines
- match the artfulness of the poetry and to convey its ideas, images, and emotions to the performers and listeners
- standard or free rhyme scheme
- no refrains or repeated lines
- ## a piece of vocal chamber music intended for performance with one singer to a part
Lute Song
Estribillos
Refrain
Coplas
Stanzas
Mudanza
- New Section
- Change
Refrain
Vuelta
Juan Del Encina
- 1st Spanish Playwright
- Leading Composers of villancicos
Pastoral
Oy comamos y bebamos
- Juan Del Encina
- one day before lent
- simple melody/harmony
- dancelike rhythms
- hemiolas
- pastoral/poetry drama
- created eclogues
- characters sang villancicos
- entertainment for nobles/courtiers
- homophonic
- root position triads
- ## shifts in 6/8 & 3/4
Eclogues
- Juan Del Encina
- one act pastoral play
- mark the beginning of spanish secular drama
Baldassare Castiglione
Vuelta
Return or repetition
Through-Composed
Composed throughout, as when each stanza or other unit of a poem is set to new music rather than in a strophic manner to a single melody.
Il bianco e dolce cigno
- 1538
- plaintive rising and falling half step
- Most famous of Arcadelt’s madrigals
- mid 1530’s
- not strophic
- no refrain
- no repetition
- freely alternate between 7 / 11 syllables
- homophonic
- marked rhythms
- enjambment effect
- polyphony
Da le belle contrade d’oriente
- Rore’s last madrigal collection
- Syncopation
- 1560-1565
- madrigal
- Cipriano de rore
- a sonnet
- syncopation
- 5/6 parts
- ## dramatic scene
“Io parto” e non più dissi
1611 Carlo gerusaldo slow chromatic chordal dissonance - laments diatonic dissonant consonant homophonic imitative breaks passages to leave memorable images syncopation
Solo e pensoso
1599 Luca Terenzio madrigal deft counterpoint chromatic in the top voice descending arpeggios syncopation suspensions cross relations chromaticism 1590s
Madrigalisms
text depiction
word painting
balletts
balletts
consents
16th italian
song genre in mostly homophonic style
dim. of canzona
Consort Song
voice accompanied by consort of viols
Meistersingers
German master singer amateur singer / poet composer member of a guild that cultivated monophonic songs derived from minnelieder urban merchants / artisans
air de cour
song for voice accompaniment
court air
dominant type of French vocal music
Revecy venir du printans
duple and triple groupings alternate freely musique mesuree chanson late 16th centure strophic SS LS LS L L meter gives coherence tries to emulate Ancient Greek poetic meter instead of being hemiolic melismas in each part relain for 5 voices strophes - chants some lines were doubled my instrument
Musique mesurée
measured music
text setting in chansons
stressed syllables are given longer notes than unstressed
usually 2x longer
La nuict froide et sombre
chanson Orlando de lassus 1570s light homophonic type syncopated - altus / cantus harmony - structure / contrast mode 1 - final cadence / superiors/temor ranges 1st part - mode final d / 2nd scale degree E / 2nd part - on f / bright sonority / close on D
Martin menoit son pourceau
imitative counterpoint symmetrical rhyme chanson 1534 2 stanzas 5 lines - iambic pentameter staggered through composed homorhythimic endings LSS Rhythms g dorian accompanied by lute
Tant que vivray
courtly love top melody accented dissonances syncopated suspension before cadence 1527 chanson Claudia de sermisy tuneful melody syllabic declamation lively rhythm simple harmonies homophonic texture balanced phrases repeated sections 2 strophes aab form syllabic homophonic harmony on root position triads
Balletto
little dance simple dancelike homophonic falala refrains
Canzonetta
little song 16th simple homophonic diminutive of canzona
Villanella
lively strophic piece 3 voices homophonic style 1540s parallel 5ths rustic
a lieta vita
Strophic aabb - repeated sections begin with homophonic setting conclude - falala refrains dancelike rhythms, varied textures, occasional contrapuntal Giovanni giacomo Castoldi balletto 1593 homophonic accompany by position root triads mode 7 mixolydian
Flow my tears
John Dowland pavane form processional dance 3 repeated strains aabbCC 2nd books of songs or ayres contrapuntal 6-8 cadence falling 5th in bass harmonies rise in 3rds/5ths root motion is directional plagal mode on a
Tablature
old sheet music
indicates what strings to pluck
to tell pitches
Lute Song
solo song with lute acc.
As vesta was
Thomas weelkes madrigal rising/falling scales 1601 5 rhymed couplets 4 voices imitative polyphony alternating pairs
Sing we and chant it
Strophic aabb - repeated sections begin with homophonic setting conclude - falala refrains dancelike rhythms, varied textures, occasional contrapuntal Thomas Morley ballett 1595 mode 7 mixolydian 4square homorhythmic homophonic
balletts
little dance simple dancelike homophonic falala refrains
