Madeira 4.3 Styles and 4.4 Law & Business

Question 1

What are the labeling conventions upon for Madeira wines?

Answer 1

grape variety
level of sweetness
length of ageing
vintage or non-vintage

Question 2

describe the variety levels of sweetness in Madeira?

Answer 2

labelled with terms: extra dry, dry, medium dry, medium sweet (or medium rich), sweet (or rich)
even dry demonstrate some degree of sweetness
some overlap with producers (one’s dry may be another’s medium dry)
variety labeled - grape variety is associated with style (sweetness)

Question 3

Describe the style of Madeira using Sercial

Answer 3

extra dry or dry
tend to be the lightest in color and bodied of the varietal wines
notes of citrus peel and nuts

Question 4

Describe the style of Madeira using Verdelho

Answer 4

medium dry
usually has more residual sugar and therefore more body and a rounder texture than Sercial
slight sweetness gives the impression of sweeter flavors such as candied fruits.
it may be slightly darker in color than Sercial.

Question 5

Describe the style of Madeira using Boal

Answer 5

medium sweet
fuller and sweeter than Verdelho.
darker in color, with flavors of caramel, chocolate and candied nuts

Question 6

Describe the style of Madeira using Malvasia

Answer 6

sweet
Also called Malmsey,
tends to be full-bodied, and often brown in color.
is the sweetest style, but still balanced by refreshing high acidity.
shows notes of raisins and caramel.

Question 7

Describe the style of Madeira using Terrantez

Answer 7

medium dry or medium sweet.
have relatively high levels of sugar
there is always a delicacy to them.
Aromas include citrus peel, caramel and sometimes even floral notes

Question 8

Describe the style of Madeira using Tinta Negra

Answer 8

Since 2015, can also be varietally labelled and can be made at any level of sweetness.

Question 9

other labeling quirks for Madeira with Tinta Negra

Answer 9

For varietal wines, indication of style (medium dry), does not need to appear on the label.
2015- all Madeira must be labelled with a bottling date

Question 10

name the madeira categories?

Answer 10

FRISC

Frasqueira
Rainwater
Madeira with Indication of age: 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and more than 50 years old
Standard Blend
Colheita

Question 11

Madeira with an indication of age- describe what is meant by the age?

Answer 11

5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and more than 50 years old
age is an indication of style rather than minimum or average
wine is verified by IVBAM’s tasting panel accompanied by an account of all the wines used in final blend
may also be labelled according to style and or grape variety

Question 12

describe the typical 5 year old Madeira?

Answer 12

tend to be made predominantly from Tinta Negra

• *most** will have been through estufagem system
• *good to very good** in quality and mid-priced

Question 13

describe the 10 year (and older) old Madeira?

Answer 13

often made with one of the white varieties
some will use Tinta Negra now that it can appear on label
wine can be made from parcels that have been aged in the canteiro system
increased time maturing = increased concentration, complexity, acidity
20 year or older are outstanding quality and sell at premium and super-premium prices

Question 14

describe what is meant by standard blend Madeira?

Answer 14

• *No age indication** -may be sold 2 to 3 years after harvest
• *categorized** as corrente by IVBAM
• *may be labeled with brand name** Blandy’s Duke of Clarence, or style descriptions, Henriques & Henriques’ Full Rich Madeira

Question 15

Describe a Rainwater Madeira?

Answer 15

relatively light style in terms of alcohol, body, concentration of flavors
around 18% ABV
medium dry
associated with a max age indication of 10 years
name- some casks were awaiting shipment were left open outside, the rain diluted the wine

Question 16

Describe Frasqueira Madeira represents? and what is on the label to identify it?

Answer 16

also called Garrfeira- is the Flagship of Producer’s range
term for vintage Madeira, aged in wood min of 20 years
prescribed grape variety -must appear on label
also listed year of harvest and year bottled

Question 17

Describe Madeira that are labeled Frasqueira’s character and quality?

Answer 17

2015- Tinta Negra now permitted
character assessed by IVBAM’s tasting panel for quality
super premium prices - Style depends on grape
Wine notably exhibit concentration and complexity of tertiary flavors, high sweetness and acidity

Question 18

Describe Colheita Madeira represents? and what is on the label to identify it?

Answer 18

Vintage Madeira, single year harvest
aged in wood for 5 years
variety of grapes or single grape
new category that emerged in 2000
lower aging requirements than Frasqueira makes it popular with producers

Question 19

Describe Madeira that are labeled Colheita’s character and quality?

Answer 19

• *grapes do not need to appear on label**
• *harvest** year and bottling year must be stated
• *Quality** assessed by IVBAM’s Tasting panel

Question 20

Describe the structure of Madeira’s wine industry?

Answer 20

Highly Fragmented
over 1,000 growers who hold on average .3 ha
8 Producers who do the winemaking and maturation
producers buy grapes from as many as a few hundred growers
agents provide consultation for growers during the growing season, coordinating the harvest

Question 21

name the largest companies that produce Madeira?

Answer 21

• *Justino’s**
• *Madeira Wine Company**- who also rent and own vineyards
• *Henriques & Henriques** - who also rent and own vineyards

Question 22

IVBAM responsible for?

Answer 22

the Instituto do Vinho, do Bordado e do Artesanato da Madeira

responsible for coordinating and supporting the wine and embroidery industries in Madeira

Question 23

IVBAM- was founded when and in charge of?

Answer 23

the Instituto do Vinho, do Bordado e do Artesanato da Madeira
founded in 2006
active role in stocks and quality control
set regulations - production and labeling of Madeira wines

Question 24

Representatives responsibilities of the IVBAM’s?

Answer 24

___must be present at grape reception from harvest
____ must be present at beginning and end of ageing process to seal and unseal maturation vessel
tasting panel and laboratory check the profile of the wines for indication or a vintage year
pay visits to growers, give advice and support

Question 25

describe the Madeira sales as an industry?

Answer 25

Sales remained relatively stable for the past few decades,

• *2019** total sales were 3.2 million liters
• *Sales values,** as a whole, have show a gradual general increase (18.7 million euros in 2019)
• *Colheita and Frasqueira increasing their shares of total sales** values

Question 26

What kinds of wine make up the volume of sales of Madeira?

Answer 26

Young Corrente (not qualifying for and age indication) generally made from Tinta Negra (1.9 mil liters in 2019)
5 and then 10 year most common age indication categories
Variety labeled wines: Sercial, Verdelho, Boal, Malvasia

Question 27

describe where in the Madeira industry are Colheita and Frasqueira wines with respect to sales volume?

Answer 27

in 2019 made up 44,000 liters - Terrantez is sold as Frasqueira
Colhetia and Frasqueira are more common than the older age indication categories of non vintage 20-50 year old’s

Question 28

What countries make up the market for Madeira and for what kind of Madeira?

Answer 28

• *largest is France .49 Mil liters** - tourist important part- inexpensive wines
• *second largest is Germany .29 mil liters** - inexpensive wines
• *Japan .26 mil liters -** expensive wines ‘
• *domestic** - expensive wines

Question 29

significant volume of inexpensive Madeira is used for what?

Answer 29

Cooking / confectionary
estufagem produces wines are often released from the winery after a few months
for cooking purposes - production of sauces
in food industry used as flavoring in schnapps (makes up 1/5 total volume of sales