Mad Skillz Pt II Flashcards
Tests for distance visual acuity
-Tumbling Es
-Landolt broken rings
-Snellen charts
-Allen pictures
-Lea symbols And numbers
-Auto refractor
Tests for near visual acuity
Near point cards
-Metric or Jager notation
-Distance equivalent does not indicate a patient’s distance vision
Purpose of pinhole test
To assess if decreased acuity is due to refractive or medical issue
-If vision improves with pinhole it is a refractive error
-If vision does not improve it could be medical
What is noxious light
A very bright light shined directly into the eyes
Entrance tests for infants and young children
-Fix and follow
-Central study and maintained
Low vision tests starting from not bad to almost blind
-Move patient closer to chart
-Counting fingers
-Hand motion
-Light perception with projection
-Just light perception
Visual fields tests
-Confrontation
-Amsler grid
Extraocular motility and balance tests
-Cover test
-Broad H (Range of motion)
Stereopsis tests
-Stereo fly
-Randot
Confrontation visual field test
-Patient sits directly across from you about 60 to 80 cm away
-Patient covers left eye with occluder
-Have patient look at your left eye and close your right eye
-Hold your fist in one of the quadrants halfway between the two of you where you can see your fingers
-Open your hand to show 1,2 or 4 fingers And ask how many they see
-Repeat for all quadrants and the other Eye

Recording confrontation visual fields
-Note which eye and record full or where it’s restricted eg. “OS Restricted temporarily, OD full”
Steps to Amsler grid test
-Make sure patient is wearing near vision correction
-Hold grid at reading distance (about a foot)
-Have patient cover one eye
-Instruct to focus on the dot and notice any differences in the lines
-Ask patient to mark problem areas on the grid with a pencil
Purpose for visual acuities testing
-Detection
-Recognition
-Resolution
What does 20/40 vision mean
Top: testing distance in feet
Bottom: How far away normal people can see the same thing
What is one second of arc
One degree
Split into 60 minutes
Each minute split into 60 seconds
What is the signifier of fine depth perception
The smaller the number in seconds of arc the finer the depth perception
Purpose of extraocular motility and balance test
Evaluate for strabismus
-Presence
-Direction
-Amount
Difference between tropia and phoria
Tropia: constant (permanent)
Phoria: sometimes (temporary)
Directions of strabismus
Eso: Inward
Exo: Outward
Hyper: Upward
Hypo: Downward
Two tests for extraocular motility and balance
-Cover test
-Alternate cover test
-Cover and uncover test
-Range of motion or broad H
SAFE acronym
For recording range of motion test if results normal
-Smooth
-Accurate
-Full
-Equal
PERRL acronym
For recording results of pupil assessment test
-Pupils
-Equal
-Round
-Reactive to
-Light
Why test tonometry
-Measure intraocular pressure
-Screen for glaucoma
-Confirm that glaucoma treatment is working
Five types of tonometry testers
-goldmann applanation
-Perkins applanation
-tono-pen
-iCare
-NCT (puff of air)
Normal range of pressure in eye
10 to 21 mmHg
What kind of drops would we have to put in patient’s eyes
-Anaesthetic
-Mydriatic
-Cycloplegic
-fluoresceine
How to record drop installation
-Number of drops
-In which Eye
-Drop name including percentage
-Time instilled
-Initials
Purposes of imaging and scans
-Create a visual record of eye condition
-Create a baseline image
-Track changes over time
-Measure I dimensions and structures digitally
Types of images and scans
-Retinal photo
-Anterior segment photography
-Optical coherence tomography
-Pachymetry
-Corneal topography
What to ask before entrance tests
-How would you explain the test
-What are you going to do
-Why are you doing it
-What will the procedure involve
-Any risks or side effects
-Answer patient questions
-Get consent
-Perform procedure
-Record results
