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Opthalmology > macular degeneration > Flashcards

macular degeneration Flashcards

1
Q

what is the most common cause of macular degeneration in the UK

A

age related macular degeneration

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2
Q

what is another name for the macular

A

retina

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3
Q

true false

degeneration of the macular is usually unilateral

A

false

degeneration of the macular is usually bilateral

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4
Q

how is age related macular degeneration charecterised:

  1. degeneration of the retinal sensory receptors of the retina = formation of extracellular material
  2. degeneration of the retinal photoreceptors of the retina = formation of extracellular material
A
  1. degeneration of the retinal photoreceptors of the retina = formation of extracellular material
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5
Q

what 2 investigations can be used to look at the degeneration of the macular

A

fundoscopy

retinal photography

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6
Q

what are the 2 types of macular degeneration

A
  1. wet

2. dry

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7
Q

which type of macular degeneration accounts for up to 90% of ARMD

A

dry

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8
Q

what are the characteristics of dry ARMD

  1. presence of drusen
  2. chorodial neovascualrisation (abnormal vessel growth) that leak fluid = rapid vision loss
A

presence of drusen

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9
Q

what are drusen

A

yellow round spots (extracellualr material) seen in the Bruch membrane

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10
Q

how is wet macular degeneration characterised

  1. presence of drusen
  2. chorodial neovascualrisation (abnormal vessel growth) that leak fluid = rapid vision loss
A
  1. chorodial neovascualrisation (abnormal vessel growth) that leak fluid = rapid vision loss
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11
Q

what is the average of presentation of ARMD

  1. 50 yrs
  2. 60 yrs
  3. 70yrs
  4. 80yrs
A
  1. 70 yrs
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12
Q

what fold increased risk is there for people developing ARMD in patients >75yrs

  1. 2x risk
  2. 3x risk
  3. 5x risk
A

3x

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13
Q

list 3 RFx for developing ARMD

A 
advancing age 
smoking 
family history 
CVD
diabetes
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14
Q

how to patient usually present with ARMD

A

reduction in visual acuity of near object

difficulties in dark adaptation

fluctuations in visual disturbances

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15
Q

what initial investigation should be carried out to look at ARMD

A

slit lamp microscopy

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16
Q

what combo of medication can be given to reduce progression of ARMD

A

zinc with vitamins A, C, and E

Opthalmology (11 decks)

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