MACS Flashcards
how is DVT diagnosed?
doppler ultrasound
what is the initial management of DVT?
apixaban or rivaroxaban
what shows on a urine dipstick in UTI?
nitirites- gram negative bacteria breakdown nitrates to nitrites
leukocytes- inflection or inflammation
what is the antibiotic choice in UTI?
trimethoprim nitrofurantoin pivmecillinam amoxicillin cefalexin
what is wound dehiscence?
a wound fails to heal often re-opening a few days after surgery
how is surgical haemorrhage classified?
primary bleeding- during intra operative period
reactive bleeding- occurs within 24 hours
secondary bleeding- occurs 7-10 days post-op
how are pressure ulcers prevented?
reposition regularly
keep skin clean and dry
protect the skin- moisture barrier creams, watch out for buttons/wrinkles in clothing
inspect the skin daily
what are the most common causes of bowel obstruction?
adhesions- small bowel
hernias- small bowel
malignancy- large bowel
how does bowel obstruction present?
vomiting- green bilious vomiting
abdominal distension
diffuse abdominal pain
absolute constipation and lack of flatulence
lack of bowel sounds/ tinkling bowel sounds
how is bowel obstruction managed?
nil by mouth, IV fluids, NG tube with free drainage for vomiting
surgery- adhesiolysis, resection (tumour), stents
what is ileus?
a condition affecting the small bowel, where the normal peristalsis temporarily stops
what causes urinary retention?
obstruction of the urethra- prostate gland enlargement, urethral stricture, constipation, genitourinary prolapse nerve problems post-operatively medications weakened bladder muscles
how to investigate urinary retention?
post-voiding residual volume- measures amount of urine left after passing urine
cystoscopy- look inside the urethra and bladder
CT scan
urodynamic tests
where are arterial lines commonly placed?
radial artery
where are central lines commonly placed?
internal jugular vein, subclavian vein or femoral vein
